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Squatina californica Ayres, 1859

Pacific angelshark
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Squatina californica   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Squatina californica (Pacific angelshark)
Squatina californica
Picture by Murch, A.

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) > Squatiniformes (Angel sharks) > Squatinidae (Angel sharks)
Etymology: Squatina: Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble, presumably tautonymous with Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758 (no species mentioned). (See ETYFish);  californica: -ica (L.), belonging to: California (USA), referring to type locality in San Francisco Bay. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Ayres.

Issue
It is sympatric with S. armata.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской демерсальный; пределы глубины 3 - 205 m (Ref. 9253), usually 3 - 46 m (Ref. 54903). Subtropical; 52°N - 7°N, 130°W - 77°W

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Canada to Gulf of California, south to Panama.

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 97.0, range 86 - 108 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 247); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 35 годы (Ref. 6147)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0.

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Found on the continental shelf and littoral areas (Ref. 247).A sluggish and inactive species that buries itself in sand or mud (Ref. 247). Also found around rocks, heads of submarine canyons, and sometimes near kelp forests (Ref. 247). Feeds on bottom and epibenthic fishes, including croakers, California halibut, and squid (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Can whip up its head and snap very quickly when touched, provoked, harassed, or speared, and can inflict painful lacerations (Ref. 247).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | соавторы

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

  Близок к исчезновению (NT) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 247)





Использование человеком

рыболовство: коммерческий
FAO - рыболовство: landings, Видовой профиль; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
хищники
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
размножение
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
личинки
динамика численности личинок
Distribution
страны
регионы FAO
Ecosystems
места находок
интродукции
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
мозг
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
звуки, издаваемые рыбами
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
генетика
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
соавторы
References
ссылки

инструменты

Специальные отчеты

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ресурсы в Интернет

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Проверить FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: род, виды | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - рыболовство: landings, Видовой профиль; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: Геном, Нуклеотид | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Вперёд, поиск | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 12.5 - 25.9, mean 21 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00293 - 0.01558), b=3.07 (2.88 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.1   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (K=0.15-0.16; tm=8-13; tmax=35; Fec=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 17.5 [3.6, 86.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.795 [0.206, 2.275] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.8, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.363 [0.162, 0.801] g/100g; Selenium = 26.5 [7.5, 76.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.99 [3.53, 27.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.421 [0.203, 0.760] mg/100g (wet weight);