Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 1 - 16 m (Ref. 36453). Tropical; 7°N - 29°S, 55°W - 30°W
Western Atlantic: Suriname to Brazil.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.5 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 102462); common length : 12.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5217); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 177.96 g (Ref. 102462)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 55 - 60; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 40 - 44. Pectorals either vestigial or reduced to 1-2 rudimentary rays (Ref. 36453).
Found more abundantly on shallow soft bottoms of brackish estuaries or hypersaline lagoons. Enters freshwaters at least to an elevation of 10 m. Inhabits rivers and creeks and probably feeds on aquatic insects and crustaceans (Ref. 36880).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 223 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00909 - 0.01450), b=3.13 (3.06 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 255 [117, 432] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.57, 2.18] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.3, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.061, 0.267] g/100g; Selenium = 35 [17, 74] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.4 [6.3, 58.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.52 [1.01, 2.20] mg/100g (wet weight);