分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae
Etymology: Dasyatis: Greek, dasys = rough, dense (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 12 - 65 m (Ref. 4438). 熱帶; 37°N - 36°S, 18°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Central to South Eastern Atlantic: Morocco, Mauritania to Congo (Ref. 33465) to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 5578); Mediterranean Sea: the records are patchy along the northern coast of Africa, and in Aegean Sea and Levantine Basin, most likely due to misidentification with other Dasyatidae spp. (Ref. 122045 and others cited).
東大西洋與地中海: 摩洛哥，茅利塔尼亞到剛果.(參考文獻 33465) 範圍延伸到南非的納塔爾。 (參考文獻 5578)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 74.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 123700)
背棘 (總數) : 0. Conspicuous bright blue blotches and branching lines on a golden brown disc; snout and disc angular, and tail less than twice body length with a short upper caudal finfold, and a longer lower one falling far in front of tail tip; disc without thorns; usually one sting (Ref. 5578). Underside white, tail darker and without bands (Ref. 5578).
在一個金褐色體盤上的顯著的淡藍色斑塊與分枝的線; 吻與體盤有角的, 與尾部小於兩倍，體長在尾部頂端之前遙遠地具有一個短的上尾部的鰭褶 , 與一個更長的低一個落下; 體盤沒有刺; 通常一個刺.(參考文獻 5578) 腹面白色的, 尾部比較深色的而且沒有條紋.(參考文獻 5578)
Close inshore, found on sandy beaches and in shallow bays (Ref. 5578), sometimes near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Found in deeper offshore areas during the winter season (Ref. 12951). Feeds on crabs, mantis shrimps, amphipods, worms, and fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 4438. Disc width measures 30 cm. Its thorny, venomous hooks can cause painful injuries (Ref. 5377).
近岸, 發現於沙灘了與在淺灣 (參考文獻 5578) 中, 有時鄰近岩礁.(參考文獻 12951) 在冬季期間發現於比較深的外海區域了。 (參考文獻 12951) 吃螃蟹，螳螂蝦，片腳類動物，蠕蟲與魚。 (參考文獻 12951) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 最小深度記錄自了參考文獻 4438. 體盤寬度有 30 公分長。 它的多刺又有毒鉤能引起令人痛苦的傷害。 (參考文獻 5377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With 1 to 4 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).東大西洋與地中海: 摩洛哥，茅利塔尼亞到剛果.(參考文獻 33465) 範圍延伸到南非的納塔爾。 (參考文獻 5578)
Cowley, P.D. and L.J.V. Compagno, 1993. A taxonomic re-evaluation of the blue stingray from southern Africa (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:135-149. (Ref. 33465)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 04 August 2020
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.6 - 28.1, mean 26.3 °C (based on 164 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=1-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
