分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Tylochromis: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335); aristoma: ari = Greek for well-developed, stoma = Greek for mouth (Ref. 52307). Named in reference to the prominent lower jaw and large-mouthed appearance of the adult (Ref. 52346).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶
Africa: restricted to the Ruki River drainage (middle Congo River basin), in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 52346, 93897).
非洲: Tshuapa 流域，剛果。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.3 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5714)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 13 - 16; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 14; 臀鰭軟條: 7; 脊椎骨: 28 - 29. Diagnosis: deep bodied, robust species with a relatively large mouth (compared to its congeners), but juveniles slender (Ref. 52307). Slender gracile lower jaw and narrow elongate keel (Ref. 52346). Dorsum strongly curved from nape to caudal peduncle but ventrum more or less flattened; long snout with a straight and steep predorsal profile passing uninterrupted to origin of dorsal fin, where body depth is largest; lower jaw extremely prominent; lips well-formed but not overly thickened or fleshy; entire premaxillary oral flap present; buccal teeth capped with brown or black enameloid; in juveniles all teeth small and fine with little differentiation in tooth size between inner and outer rows; in adult (male) teeth coarse and enlarged; upper branch of lateral line terminates in advance of end of dorsal fin; dorsal, ventral and medial lateral line branches on caudal fin well developed and almost reach to periphery; dorsal fin spines increase in length to 4th-5th and are then more or less of equal length; anal fin rounded; caudal fin roundly emarginate and densely scaled; pectoral fin relatively elongate and usually reaches level of first soft anal ray; first branched pelvic ray produced and filamentous (Ref. 52346).
Coloration: adult male: upper lip and front of head black (Ref. 52307, 52346). Just anterior to a short black nape stripe a patch of red/gold is present (Ref. 52346). Cheeks, operculum and breast silvery-white with greenish iridescent parts (Ref. 52307). Just behind nape band a broad pale blue/green band extends obliquely down to base of pelvic fins (Ref. 52346). Behind this oblique band body dark (golden) bronze which becomes more greenish towards caudal peduncle (Ref. 52307, 52346). Darker pigmentation on flank scales; dorsal, pelvic and anal fins dark reddish brown, with numerous rows of small greenish dots (Ref. 52307). Caudal fin light brown centrally, with more reddish parts in distal (outer) regions and many small black lines (Ref. 52307, 52346). (Preserved) juveniles: ground coloration light brown with dark smokey grey upper lip and front of head; nape band strongly marked but not reaching down onto operculum; diffuse opercular blotch present on lower portion of operculum; 6 vertical stripes extend down well below midline and onto belly and ventrum (especially in the smallest specimens) (Ref. 52346).
一深地身體, 結實的種具有一個相當大的嘴 (相較於它的同類)(參考文獻 52307) 具有一個細長的 gracile 下頜與狹窄的細長龍骨脊.(參考文獻 52346) 和這相反，稚魚是細長的。 (參考文獻 52307) 來自後頸到尾柄的背面強烈的彎曲但是 ventrum 更多或 les 平的; 長的吻部有經過不間斷的到背鰭起點的一個直而陡峭的前背輪廓, 在哪裡體高是最大的; 下頜非常突出; 唇很好地-形成但是不過度地粗的了或肉質的; 整個的上頜骨前的口部鰓蓋呈現; 加蓋於的口的齒有褐色的或黑色的 enameloid; 在稚魚裡面，所有的齒是小而細的，而且在內部而外部的列之間在牙齒大小中有很少的區別; 在成魚 (雄魚) 中，齒是粗糙而增大的; 側線的上面分支結束在背鰭的末端前面; 在尾鰭上的背部的﹐腹的與中間的側線分支是發展良好的而且幾乎達到到外圍; 背鰭棘增加長到第四的或第五的與是然後約略相等長度; 臀鰭圓的; 尾鰭圓圓邊緣微凹而且濃密地覆有鱗片的; 胸鰭相當延長而且通常達到第一個柔軟臀鰭鰭條的水平; 第一個分枝腹鰭鰭條被生產而且絲狀的。 (參考文獻 52346)
體色 雄性成魚: 上嘴唇與頭部黑色的前面.(參考文獻 52307, 參考文獻 52346) 正好位於短的黑色後頸斑紋一片紅色/黃金前存在.(參考文獻 52346) 頰, 鰓蓋與胸部銀白色有呈綠色的彩虹色的部份。 (參考文獻 52307) 在後頸條紋正後方一寬的藍灰色/綠色的條紋斜地延伸向下至腹鰭基底鰭.(參考文獻 52346) 在這一個斜紋後面身體顏色較深 (金的) 青銅色的那一個向尾梗變得更呈綠色的.(參考文獻 52346, 參考文獻 52307) 在側面鱗片上的較深色的顏色; 背部的, 腹鰭與臀鰭紅黑色的褐色, 有很多的列小的呈綠色的點.(參考文獻 52307) 尾鰭淡褐色在中心, 在末梢部的 (外部的) 區域與許多小的黑色線中有更淡紅的部份.(參考文獻 52307, 參考文獻 52346) (保護) 稚魚: 地面顏色顏色較淡褐色的有深色的 smokey 灰色的上嘴唇與頭部的前面; 後頸條紋強烈地標示但是不在鰓蓋之上達到下來; 擴散的鰓蓋斑塊位於鰓蓋的下面部分之上; 6條垂直的斑紋延伸下來遠低於中線與在腹面與 ventrum(尤其在最小的標本中) 之上.(參考文獻 52346)
Seems to feed primarily upon plants and insect larvae; maternal mouthbrooder that does not pair-bond (Ref. 52307).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
非洲: Tshuapa 流域，剛果。
Stiassny, M.L.J., 1991. Tylochromis. p. 526-533. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5714)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 February 2009
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 150 [73, 263] mg/100g; Iron = 1.45 [0.78, 2.89] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.1, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.367 [0.132, 1.062] g/100g; Selenium = 73 [26, 166] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36.3 [9.4, 114.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.14 [1.39, 3.31] mg/100g (wet weight);
