分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Strongylura: Greek, strongylos = round + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 3 m (Ref. 58047). 亞熱帶的
Western Atlantic: southeastern Florida (USA), Bahamas, and northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil.
西大西洋: 佛羅里達東南方 (美國) ，巴哈馬與墨西哥灣東北方到巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 20. Caudal peduncle without a lateral keel, the least depth about equal to the width; maxilla exposed posteriorly; opercles scaled.
尾梗沒有一個側龍骨,最少的深度大約等於寬度; 顎骨在後部地暴露出來; 鰓蓋覆有鱗片的。
Adults found on reef flats, in lagoons, or in freshwater (Ref. 9710). Juveniles found among floating algae (Ref. 9710). Feeds mainly on small fishes (Ref. 3129). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). During the day preys on small fishes and shrimps close to water surface, approaching potential prey stealthily within lunging range, but when disturbed, may leap and skitter at the surface. At night, young individuals rest close to the surface, aligned with semi-submersed leaves of marsh grass in mangroves, and when disturbed, usually sinks slowly and hides within vegetation. The resemblance to grass blades and its night-time behavior are believed to be defensive adaptations against nocturnal visually oriented predators like night herons (Ref. 40403).
在潟湖中，成魚發現於礁石平臺了, 或在淡水中.(參考文獻 9710) 稚魚發現於漂浮的藻類中了。 (參考文獻 9710) 主要吃小魚。 (參考文獻 3129) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵可能被發現於在卵的表面上的捲鬚水依附於目標。 (參考文獻 205) 在白天期間捕食小魚，而且蝦接近水面,暗地裡在肺範圍裡面接近可能的獵物, 但是當被驚擾時, 可能跳躍而且飛掠在水表面。 在晚上，幼魚休息接近表面,合併在紅樹林中的沼澤草的半長在水中樹葉了, 與當被驚擾時, 通常慢慢地下沉而且藏在植物裡面。 樣似草葉片與它的夜間行為被相信是對抗夜行的像夜鷺的掠食者的防禦適應。 (參考文獻 40403)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 佛羅里達東南方 (美國) ，巴哈馬與墨西哥灣東北方到巴西。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24 - 28.1, mean 27.4 °C (based on 778 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00162 (0.00104 - 0.00254), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49.4 [13.5, 197.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.222, 1.285] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.3, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.18 [0.07, 0.52] g/100g; Selenium = 9.41 [3.63, 24.67] μg/100g; VitaminA = 95.1 [23.1, 447.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.693 [0.394, 1.211] mg/100g (wet weight);
