分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Tylosurus: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Issue
The 3 subspecies were upraised at species rank, as provisionally accepted names, , until more works are conducted on T. acus susbepcies to fix their status.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 亞熱帶的; 43°N - , 98°W - 36°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: off Morocco and the Mediterranean (Ref. 5505).
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到巴西。 東大西洋: 外海的摩洛哥與地中海.(參考文獻 5505)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 47.3, range 45 - 50 cm
Max length : 153 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 90.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3129); 最大體重: 3.7 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 20 - 27; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 20 - 24; 脊椎骨: 90 - 95. Diagnosis: body elongate; upper and lower jaws extremely long, forming a stout beak armed with very sharp teeth; gill rakers absent (Ref. 57228, 90102). Nostrils in depression before eyes (nasal pit); pelvic fins abdominal; 20-26 dorsal-fin rays; anal fin short, 9.7-11.7 times in body length; small, black lateral keel on either sides of caudal peduncle; caudal fin deeply forked (Ref. 57228).
Inhabits oceanic and neritic waters (Ref. 26340). Feeds on small fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Although sold fresh and salted, its market is limited due to the green-colored flesh (Ref. 5217). Circumglobal in tropical seas and divisible into four subspecies (Ref 90102).
棲息於大洋性而淺海的水域。 (參考文獻 26340) 吃小魚。 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵可能被發現於在卵的表面上的捲鬚水依附於目標。 (參考文獻 205) 雖然賣新鮮而鹽醃的, 它的市場是由於綠色的肉的有限公司.(參考文獻 5217)
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到巴西。 東大西洋: 外海的摩洛哥與地中海.(參考文獻 5505)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20 - 28.5, mean 26.5 °C (based on 1282 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00093 (0.00049 - 0.00176), b=3.11 (2.95 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33 [8, 135] mg/100g; Iron = 0.498 [0.212, 1.475] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [14.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.16 [0.06, 0.47] g/100g; Selenium = 16.9 [6.9, 46.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 102 [14, 608] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.447 [0.259, 0.773] mg/100g (wet weight);
