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Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers) > Uranoscopidae (Stargazers)
Etymology: Xenocephalus: Greek, xenos = strange + Greek,kephale = head (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Thompson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 180 - 440 m. Deep-water; 32°N -

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Georgia to Florida Keys in USA and Gulf of Mexico to southern Texas, USA.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)

Adults mostly found on deeper part of shelf from 180 to 440 m. Young enter much shallower water.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution
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Anatomy
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Brains
Otoliths

Physiology
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Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
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Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

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Genetics
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 10.3 - 19.6, mean 15.4 °C (based on 59 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00266 - 0.01494), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).

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