FB-12374 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12374 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Gymnogeophagus Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann, 1907) Cará Ballonkopf-Erdfresser Paraguay-Maulbrüter Argentine humphead Earth eater Paraguay Mouthbrooder Seepratonkija Castañeta 巴氏珠母丽鱼 巴氏珠母麗魚 鮑氏裸光蓋麗魚 鲍氏裸光盖丽鱼 Geophagus balzanii Perugia, 1891 Geophagus duodecimspinosus Boulenger, 1895 Gymnogeophagus balzani (Perugia, 1891) Gymnogeophagus cyanopterus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 1994-08-13 2021-02-10 Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Lopez, H.L., R.C. Menni and A.M. Miguelarena0 Lista de los peces de agua dulce de la Argentina. Biologia Acuatica No. 12, 50 p. (Instituto de Limnologia "Dr. Raul A. Ringuelet"). (Ref. 9086) Axelrod, H.R.0 The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 864 p. (Ref. 12251) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Schliewen, U.K.0 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p. 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McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-12375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-08-13 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12375 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Max. length 20 cm TL (Ref. 1672). Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Distribution-12375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-08-13 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12375 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats South America: Paraná River basin, in the Paraguay drainage in Brazil and Paraguay, the Paraná drainage in Argentina; the lower Uruguay drainage in Uruguay and Brazil. Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Uses-12375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-08-13 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12375 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-LifeCycle-12375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tom Froese 1994-08-13 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12375&StockCode=12704 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Larvophile mouth brooders. Female tends the clutch. This updates previous information from Ref. 1672. Staeck, W. 2003 Die maulbrütenden <i>Gymnogeophagus</i>-Arten. Datz 56(5):6-11. FB-Size-12375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-08-13 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12375 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 12.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 36377)) Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-12375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1994-08-13 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12375 benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19