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(Ref. 130539) FB-pic-13271-4571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-06-05 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13271 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rhste_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rhste_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1995-06-03 00:00:00 2022-06-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13271 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults are found over soft bottoms, near rocky or coral reefs; also near reef drop-offs (Ref. 12951). They occasionally swim near the surface and may jump out of the water. Often in schools, sometimes associated with Aetobatus narinari, the spotted eagle ray (Ref. 12951). Adults feed on benthic crustaceans and mollusks. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara 1995 Rhinopteridae. Gavilanes. p. 782-783. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9263) FB-Distribution-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1995-06-03 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13271 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Costa Rica and the Galapagos Islands. Probably occurring elsewhere. McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara 1995 Rhinopteridae. Gavilanes. p. 782-783. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9263) FB-Uses-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1995-06-03 00:00:00 2022-06-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13271 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara 1995 Rhinopteridae. Gavilanes. p. 782-783. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9263) Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) FB-Migration-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1995-06-03 00:00:00 2022-06-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13271 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1995-06-03 00:00:00 2022-06-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=13271&StockCode=13570 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-01-12 00:00:00 2020-03-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public steindachneri http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Stenohaline species (Ref. 121946). Known to occur in surface waters of nearshore regions (Ref .121945). Found over soft bottoms, near rocky or coral reefs; also near reef dropoffs (Ref. 12951). Occasionally near the surface and may jump out of the water (Ref. 12951). Also found in lagoon-estuarine systems (Ref. 121946). Often in schools, sometimes associated with Aetobatus narinari, the spotted eagle ray (Ref. 12951). Feeds on benthic crustaceans and molluscs. McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara 1995 Rhinopteridae. Gavilanes. p. 782-783. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9263) FB-Size-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1995-06-03 00:00:00 2022-06-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13271 91.6 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 116975)) Ehemann, N.R., X.A. Pérez-Palafox, P. Mora-Zamacona, M.I. Burgos-Vázquez, A.F. Navia, P.A. Mejía-Falla and V.H. Cruz-Escalona 2017 Size-weight relationships of batoids captured by artisanal fishery in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:1051-1054. (Ref. 116975) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-13271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1995-06-03 00:00:00 2022-06-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13271 reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 65 m (Ref. 117244), usually 0 - 25 m Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Smith, W.D. and J.J. Bizzarro 2006 Rhinoptera steindachneri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006: e.T60130A12310749. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60130A12310749.en. Downloaded on 26 February 2018. (Ref. 117244)