FB-140 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=140 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rhinopristiformes Rhinobatidae Pseudobatos Pseudobatos percellens (Walbaum, 1792) Piggha Pigghå Pighai Kolen Koleń Cação galhudo Cação-bagre Cação-de-espinho Cação-espinho Cação-prego Galhudo Galhudo-malhado Malhado melga Doringhaai Spikkel-penhaai Peshkagen Peshkaqen gjëmbor Abou shoka Abushoka Irsh Kalb bouchouika Kelb bahr Kelb el bahr Wâwy ﺔﻛﻮﺷﻮﺑﺃ Akula Chernomorska akula Kuceska akula Morsko kuce Žralok ostroun obecný Spinarolu Spinarolu brunu Ci pigog Almindelig pighaj Pighaj Dornfisch Dornhai Gefleckter Dornhai Gemeiner Dornhai Gewöhnlicher Dornhai Grundhai Blue dog Common spiny fish Darwen salmon Dogfish Dog fish Grayfish Pacific dogfish Piked dogfish Rock salmon Southern spiny dogfish Spiky dog Spiny dogfish Spiny Dogfish Spotted spiny dogfish Spring dogfish Spur dogfish Spurdog Victorian spotted dogfish Whitespotted dogfish White-spotted dogfish White-spotted spurdog Harilik ogahai Haúr Hávur Piikkihai Piikkihait Aiguillat Aiguillat brun Aiguillat commun Aiguillat tacheté Peegagh Karish kotzani Kotsan ktan kotz Qozan qetan Koščak Kostelj Kostilj Kucin Pas kostelj Pena Háfur Agoggiau Aguggiao rosso Agugliau Agusèo Archilao Arculate Arquilato Asià a muso a schizzo Can bianco Can spinoso Caddutu Cagnoleto Cagnolo Cendroene Centrune Cintroni Cintrune Ferraro Ghialoru 'mperiali Ogghialuni Smoca Spinarolo Spinarolo bruno Spinarolo imperiale Spineddu Spinoelo Stiracciole Ugghiarule Ugghiatu Ujato Ujatu Kop-sang-ǒ Koinga Makohuarau Mazzola Mazzola bix-xewka Mazzola griza Mazzola tal-fanal Katran Koljuchaja akula Kolyuchaya akula Obyknovennaya kolyuchaya akula акула колючая/катрановая катран Катран (=акула колючая обыкновенная) нокотница собака морская Koscenjak Košcenjak Pas kostelj Hoe Pigghaj Katran balığı Köpek baligi Mahmuzlu camgöz Mahmuzlucamgöz balığı Акула-катран Катран Катран звичайний Катран короткоперий Собака морський Cazón espinoso común Galludo Galludo espinoso Galludos Mielga Pinchudo Tiburón espinoso Tollo de cachos Agullat An fiogach gobach Câine de mare Doornhaai Eqalussuaq kukilik Kentroni Rechin Sà shì jiǎo shā Sk'ey'ek'shen Skyllos Skylópsaro Stictokentroni Trnež Αγκαθίτης Σκύλος Κεντρόνι Κοκκαλάς Κοκκάλας Σκυλόψαρο 柯氏角鯊柯氏角鲨白斑角鯊白斑角鲨 Acanthias americanus Storer, 1846 Acanthias antiguorum (Leach, 1818) Acanthias commun Navarrete, 1898 Acanthias lebruni Vaillant, 1888 Acanthias linnei Malm, 1877 Acanthias sucklii (non Girard, 1855) Acanthias vulgaris Bonaparte, 1846 Acanthias vulgaris Risso, 1827 Spinax mediterraneus Gistel, 1848 Spinax suckleyi (non Girard, 1855) Squalus acanthias acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 Squalus acanthias africana Myagkov & Kondyurin, 1986 Squalus acanthias chilensis Suckow, 1799 Squalus acanthias ponticus Myagkov & Kondyurin, 1986 Squalus acanthis Linnaeus, 1758 Squalus achantias Linnaeus, 1758 Squalus antiquorum Leach, 1818 Squalus barbouri Howell Rivero, 1936 Squalus canis Forster, 1777 Squalus fernandinus Molina, 1782 Squalus kirki Phillipps, 1931 Squalus mitsukurii (non Jordan & Fowler, 1903) Squalus spinax (non Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus suckleyi (non Girard, 1855) Squalus suckleyi acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 Squalus sucklii (non Girard, 1855) Squalus tasmaniensis Howell Rivero, 1936 Squalus wakiyae Tanaka, 1918 Squalus whitleyi Phillipps, 1931 1990-10-17 2019-08-08 Coppola, S.R., W. 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(Ref. 130791) Sánchez-Carnero, N., M.E. Góngora, M. Álvarez and A. Parma0 La pesca artesanal en Argentina: caminando las costas del país la. ed. 230. (Ref. 130851) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals-CMS0 Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS). xxx (Ref. 131118) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (Raja clavata) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183) Finucci, B., J. Cheok, G.E. Chiaramonte, C.F. Cotton, N.K. Dulvy, D.W. Kulka, F.C. Neat, N. Pacoureau, C.L. Rigby, S. Tanaka and T.I. Walker0 Squalus acanthias The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T91209505A124551959. (Ref. 137498) Beamish, R.J., G.A. McFarlane and J.R. King0 Migratory patterns of pelagic fishes and possible linkages betweeen open ocean and coastal ecosystems off the Pacific coast of North America. Deep-Sea Research II 52:739-755. (Ref. 138310) FB-pic-139-3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-16 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sqaca_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sqaca_u0.gif FB-pic-139-39097 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2004-04-09 2008-07-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sqaca_f1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sqaca_f1.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Possibly the most abundant living shark (Ref. 247). A demersal, inshore and offshore dogfish of the continental and insular shelf and upper slopes (Ref. 247, 11230, 119696). Usually near the bottom, but also in midwater and at the surface (Ref. 26346). Adults occur mainly between 10-200 m depth (Ref. 247). Males and gravid females usually found shallower than non-gravid females. They tolerate brackish water, often found in enclosed bays and estuaries. Reported to enter freshwater (Ref. 11980) but cannot survive there for more than a few hours (Ref. 247). Highly migratory species, used to be observed in large foraging schools with up to thousands of individuals, usually segregated by size and /or sex, with schools of large gravid females preferentially targeted by fisheries. Their latitudinal (north-south) and depth-related (nearshore-offshore) movements appear to be correlated with their preferred temperature (Ref. 247). Tagging experiments showed that populations in the northern North Sea and northwest Scotland made winter migrations to off Norway and summer migrations to Scotland (Ref. 88880, 88881). Transoceanic migrations recorded, but rare (Ref. 88864). Longevity in the northern Atlantic is about 35-50 years (Ref. 88882), but most live only 20-24 years (Ref. 88187). Growth is slow. At sexual maturity, males are 60-70 cm long, females 75-90 cm (Ref. 35388). Gestation period is 2 years (Ref. 36731). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). Feeds on a diversity of prey, ranging from comb jellyfish, squid, mackarel and herring to a wide array of benthic fishes, shrimps, crabs and even sea cucumbers (Ref. 93252). The only species of horned sharks that can inflict toxins with its tail. Detects weak electric fields generated by potential prey (Ref. 10311). Utilized for human consumption, liver oil, vitamins, sand paper, leather, fertilizer, etc. (Ref. 247, 27436). Eaten fried, broiled, and baked (Ref. 9988). Ebert, D.A., W.T. White, K.J. Goldman, L.J.V. Compagno, T.S. Daly-Engel and R.D. Ward 2010 Resurrection and redescription of Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1854) from the North Pacific, with comments on the Squalus acanthias subgroup (Squaliformes: Squalidae). Zootaxa 2612:22-40. (Ref. 85328) FB-DiagnosticDescr-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-18 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology This moderately sized species is distinguished by the following set of characters: very slender body, abdomen width 7.2-9.2% TL; narrow head, width at mouth 7.9-10.2% TL; mouth width 1.7-2.2 times its horizontal prenarial length; moderately long snout, preoral length 2.2-2.5 times horizontal prenarial length, 8.5-9.8% TL; single-lobed anterior nasal flap; small dorsal fins, raked, first dorsal-fin height 1.1-1.3 times its inner margin length, second dorsal-fin height 0.7-0.9 times its inner margin length; origin of first dorsal-fin located just posterior to pectoral-fin free rear tips; exposed bases of dorsal-fin spines relatively narrow, 0.4-0.7% TL; short spine of first dorsal fin, exposed length 1.7-2.7% TL; pectoral-fin anterior margin 1.9-3.1 times its inner margin length; preventral caudal margin 1.9-2.6 times inner margin of pelvic fin; pale caudal fin with poorly demarcated, whitish margin, blackish caudal blotch at the apex of upper lobe, anterior margins of both lobes whitish in juveniles; dark caudal bar absent; dorsal and lateral surfaces of body bluish grey with an irregular array of moderately-large white spots; whitish ventrally; flank denticles tricuspid; monospondylous centra 41-45, precaudal centra 74-79, total centra 100-105 (Ref. 58446). White, W.T., G.K. Yearsley and P.R. Last 2007 Clarification of the status of Squalus taiwanensis and a diagnosis of Squalus acanthias from Australia, including a key to the Indo-Australasian species of Squalus. pp. 109-115. In P.R. Last, W.T. White and J.J. Pogonoski Descriptions of new dogfishes of the genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae). CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper No. 014. 130 pp. (Ref. 58446) FB-Morphology-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-18 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0; Vertebrae: 101 - 109 White, W.T., G.K. Yearsley and P.R. Last 2007 Clarification of the status of Squalus taiwanensis and a diagnosis of Squalus acanthias from Australia, including a key to the Indo-Australasian species of Squalus. pp. 109-115. In P.R. Last, W.T. White and J.J. Pogonoski Descriptions of new dogfishes of the genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae). CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper No. 014. 130 pp. (Ref. 58446) FB-Distribution-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-05-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Circumglobal (boreal and temperate); except in the North Pacific (Ref. 119696), where all records refer to Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1855) (Ref. 85328). Finucci, B., J. Cheok, G.E. Chiaramonte, C.F. Cotton, N.K. Dulvy, D.W. Kulka, F.C. Neat, N. Pacoureau, C.L. Rigby, S. Tanaka and T.I. Walker 2020 Squalus acanthias The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T91209505A124551959. (Ref. 137498) FB-Uses-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Kinzer, J. 1983 Aquarium Kiel: Beschreibungen zur Biologie der ausgestellten Tierarten. Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel. pag. var. (Ref. 12253) FB-Migration-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Beamish, R.J., G.A. McFarlane and J.R. King 2005 Migratory patterns of pelagic fishes and possible linkages betweeen open ocean and coastal ecosystems off the Pacific coast of North America. Deep-Sea Research II 52:739-755. (Ref. 138310) FB-LifeCycle-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=139&StockCode=153 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Ovoviviparous, with litters of 1 to 21 young (Ref. 247, 88865). Mating probably occurs in winter. Gestation period of 18 to 24 months, longest known of all chondrichthyans (Ref. 26346). Size at birth 18-30 cm (Ref. 26346). In the northeast Atlantic, pups are born in winter, with size at birth about 26-28 cm (Ref. 88864). Sex ratio at birth is 1:1. Gravid females congregate in enclosed shallow bays to give birth (Ref. 247). The mother shark experiences a series of rhythmic contractions, just like in mammals, and the young are delivered head first. Larger older females have bigger litters with larger pups; a female with 100 cm TL carries on average 4 times as many embryos compared to a 70 cm female and the former have higher survival rates than those born to small females (Ref. 4856, 88869, 88883). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-TrophicStrategy-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-26 00:00:00 2011-12-12 23:38:47 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public acanthias http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Common in cold waters; usually at temperatures of 6-15°C (Ref. 5951); inhabits rocky regions (Ref. 9137). A carnivore (Ref. 9137) and opportunist feeder (Ref. 43115). Feeds on fishes (mackerel, sand lance, silver hake, white hake, haddock, pollock, Atlantic salmon, menhaden, winter flounder and longhorn sculpin), cephalopods (e.g. squids), amphipods, crabs, shrimps, molluscs, ctenophores, echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumber), polychaete worms, sea anemones, jellyfish, and red, green and brown algae; herring, capelin and cod found to be important foods (Ref. 5951, 28070). Smaller individuals ( Wetherbee, B.M., S.H. Gruber and E. Cortes 1990 Diet, feeding habits, digestion, and consumption in sharks, with special reference to the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris. p. 29-47. In H.L. Pratt, Jr., S.H. Gruber and T. Taniuchi (eds.) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 90. 517 p. (Ref. 568) FB-Size-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 160 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 119696)); 122 cm (female); max. published weight: 9,100 g (Ref. 11389); max. reported age: 75 years (Ref. 39247) Mecklenburg, C.W., A. Lynghammar, E. Johannesen, I. Byrkjedal, J.S. Christiansen, A.V. Dolgov, O.V. Karamushko, T.A. Mecklenburg, P.R. Møller, D. Steinke and P.R. Wienerroither 2018 Marine fishes of the Arctic Region.Volume I. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. [CAFF Monitoring Series Report 28:1-454.] (Ref. 119696) Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder 1948 Sharks. p. 59-546. In J. Tee-Van, C.M. Breder, S.F. Hildebrand, A.E. Parr and W.C. Schroeder (eds.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Part one. Lancelets, cyclostomes, sharks. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven. 576 p. (Ref. 11389) Cailliet, G.M., A.H. Andrews, E.J. Burton, D.L. Watters, D.E. Kline and L.A. Ferry-Graham 2001 Age determination and validation studies of marine fishes: do deep-dwellers live longer?. Exp. Geront. 36:739-764. (Ref. 39247) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. (Ref. 57073) FB-Habitat-139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=139 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses bathydemersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 138310); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 1978 m (Ref. 125614), usually 50 - 300 m (Ref. 43939) Beamish, R.J., G.A. McFarlane and J.R. King 2005 Migratory patterns of pelagic fishes and possible linkages betweeen open ocean and coastal ecosystems off the Pacific coast of North America. Deep-Sea Research II 52:739-755. (Ref. 138310) Ebert, D.A., S. Fowler and M. Dando 2021 Sharks of the World: A complete guide. Princeton University Press, 607 p. (Ref. 125614) Mecklenburg, C.W., T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson 2002 Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxxvii +1037 p. (Ref. 43939)