FB-235 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=235 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Coregonus Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818 Sik Coregono Coregono-de-lago لور البحيرة Atekamek Atihkamekw Atikamek Attikumèk Helt Søhelt Felchen Maräne Common whitefish Eastern whitefish Gizzard fish Great Lakes whitefish Humpback whitefish Inland whitefish Lake whitefish Sault whitefish Whitefish Ameerika siig Siika Sillisiika Corégon de lac Corégone cisco Corégone de lac Grand corégone נסיך לבן Anadleq Anâdlerk Anahik Jikuktok Kakiviaktok Kakiviartût Kakkiviartoq Kalupiat Kapihilik Kapisilik Kavasilik Kaviselik Kavisilak Kavisilik Keki-yuak-tuk Pi-kok-tok Pikuktuq Pikuktuuq Qalupiaq Qelaluqaq Coregone Amerikanskiy ozernyi sig Kanadasik Sik Coregono Coregono de lago Dalts'an Dalts'in Koregonos Marene 鲱形白鲑 鯡形白鮭 Coregonus albus Lesueur, 1818 Coregonus atikameg Bajkov, 1933 Coregonus clupeiformis (Mitchill, 1818) Coregonus labradoricus (Richardson, 1836) Coregonus latior Agassiz, 1850 Coregonus sapidissimus Agassiz, 1850 Salmo clupeaformis Mitchill, 1818 Salmo labradoricus Richardson, 1836 1990-10-17 2020-01-24 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Taylor, E.B. and K. Tan0 Guide to the freshwater fishes of British Columbia. 1st edit. Vancouver (BC, Canada): Beaty Biodiversity Museum, 18 p. (Ref. 112251) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist0 Marine fishes of Arctic Canada. Toronto (ON, Canada): University of Toronto Press. xiii+618 p. (Ref. 117245) Crile, G. and D.P. Quiring0 A record of the body weight and certain organ and gland weights of 3690 animals. Ohio J. Sci. 40(5):219-259. (Ref. 117297) Chu, C. and M.A Koops0 Life history parameters of Great Lakes populations of lake trout, lake whitefish, bloater, walleye, and yellow perch. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2811 (vi+43pp.). (Ref. 117642) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) GoY, Government of Yukon0 Yukon freshwater fishes. Wildlife Viewing Program, Environment Yukon. Whitehorse (YU, Canada): Government of Yukon, 32 p. (Ref. 119011) Lauer, T.E.0 Fishery of the Laurentian Great Lakes. p. 134-150. In J.F. Craig (ed.). Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119192) Tonn, W., H. Swanson, C. Paszkowski, J. Hanisch and L. Chavarie0 Northern North America. p. 85-100. In J.F. Craig (ed.). Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119194) Morin, B., C. Hudon and F. Whoriskey0 Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, <i>Gadus ogac</i>, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay. Can. J. Zool. 69:3061-3070. (Ref. 120291) Ontario Commercial Fisheries’ Association0 Fisheries Statistics. http://www.ocfa.ca/fisheries-industry/fisheries-statistics. Accessed 4/2019 (Ref. 120333) Eakins, R.J.0 Lake whitefish. Ontario Freshwater Fishes Life History Database. Version 4.85. Online database. (http://www.ontariofishes.ca; http://www.ontariofishes.ca/home.htm), accessed 25 June 2019. (Ref. 120599) Zhu, X,, R. Wastle, D. Leonard, K. Howland, S. Mann, T.J. Carmichael and R.F. Tallman0 Comparison of scales, pectoral fin rays, and otoliths for estimating age, growth, and mortality of lake whitefish, <i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>, in Great Slave Lake. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2016/115. v + 28 p. (Ref. 120677) Lambert, Y. and J.J. Dodson0 Influence of freshwater migration on the reproductive patterns of anadromous populations of cisco (<i>Coregonus artedii</i>) and lake whitefish (<i>C. lupeaformis</i>). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47:335-345. (Ref. 120683) Devine, J.A., S.T. Schram and M.J. Hansen0 A food web analysis of the fishery in Chequamegon Bay, Lake Superior. Wisconsin DNR Fisheries Management Reports, https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/publications/ManagementReports.html. Accessed July 2019. (Ref. 120684) Lawler, G.H.0 Egg counts of Lake Erie whitefish. J. Fish Res. Board Canada 18(2):293-294. (Ref. 120835) Cucin, D. and H.A. Regier0 Dynamics and exploitation of the lake whitefish in southern Georgian Bay. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada 23(2):221-274. (Ref. 120836) Herbst, S.0 Status of lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) in Lake Champlain, 2006-2010. Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 107. (Ref. 120908) Gwich’in Renewable Resource Board0 Gwich’in Harvest Study Final Report. Gwich’in Renewable Resource Board. Inuvik, NT, 164 pages. (Ref. 121104) The Joint Secretariat0 Inuvialuit harvest study: data and methods report 1988-1997. Available from IRC, Box, 2120. (Ref. 121105) NOAA0 Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf. Final Reports of Principal Investigators 7:678p. (Ref. 124299) Morbey, Y.E. and D. Pauly0 Juvenile‐to‐adult transition invariances in fishes: Perspectives on proximate and ultimate causation. J. Fish Biol. 101(4):874-884. (Ref. 127213) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Anras, M.L.B., P.M. Cooley, R.A. Bodaly, L. Anras and R.J.P. Fudge0 Movement and habitat use by Lake Whitefish during spawningin a Boreal Lake: Integrating acoustic telemetry and Geographic Information Systems. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128(5):939-952. (Ref. 130470) WDNR, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources0 Wisconsin Fish Species List.. World Wide Web electronic publication, Accessed 05 Oct. 2024. Madison (USA, WI): Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 6 p. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/Species_wifish.pdf (Ref. 132215) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-01-16 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabits large lakes and large rivers and enters brackish water (Ref. 86798). Primarily a lake dweller (Ref. 27547). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Appears to be rather sedentary, at least in the Great Lakes (Ref. 27547). Movement in large lakes generally consists of 4 stages: movement from deep to shallow water in the spring; movement back to deep water in the summer as the shoal water warms; migration to shallow-water spawning areas in the fall and early winter; and post-spawning movement back to deeper water (Ref. 27547). Forms separate populations in large lakes (Ref. 27547). Adults feed mainly on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks and amphipods (Ref. 1091, 3849); also other fishes and fish eggs, including their own (Ref. 1998). Extensive hatchery programs for the propagation have been carried out on the Great Lakes and other areas for years (Ref. 3746, 3849). Valued for its meat as well as for its roe, which is made into an excellent caviar; utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-DiagnosticDescr-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-04 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Morphology-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-04 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 13; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 10 - 14; Vertebrae: 55 - 64 Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Distribution-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription North America: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific basins throughout most of Canada south into New England, the Great Lakes basin, and central Minnesota, USA; Copper and Susitna river drainages in Alaska. Introduced in northwestern USA (Ref. 86798). This species was stocked into high Andean lakes in two countries in southern Latin America (Ref. 1739). Probably conspecific with Coregonus lavaretus (Ref. 7506). Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-Uses-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-01-16 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) FB-Migration-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-01-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Morin, B., C. Hudon and F. Whoriskey 1991 Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, <i>Gadus ogac</i>, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay. Can. J. Zool. 69:3061-3070. (Ref. 120291) FB-LifeCycle-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-01-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=234&StockCode=248 Spawning occurs at night (Ref. 10242, 10344, 28849). A female and one or more males rise to the surface, release eggs and milt and descend separately toward the bottom (Ref. 27547). Spawning fish are very active and may leap completely out of the water (Ref. 1998). Breeds annually in the southern parts of the range, but only every other year or even every third year in the arctic and sub-arctic regions (Ref. 3757). Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-TrophicStrategy-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-03-22 00:00:00 2007-07-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public clupeaformis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Primarily a lake dweller (Ref. 27547). Also found in large rivers and enters brackish water (Ref. 5723). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Appears to be rather sedentary, at least in the Great Lakes (Ref. 27547). Movement in large lakes generally consists of 4 stages: movement from deep to shallow water in the spring; movement back to deep water in the summer as the shoal water warms; migration to shallow-water spawning areas in the fall and early winter; and post-spawning movement back to deeper water (Ref. 27547). Forms separate populations in large lakes (Ref. 27547). Adults feed mainly on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks and amphipods (Ref. 1091, 3849), but also other fishes and fish eggs, including their own (Ref. 1998). Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Size-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-01-16 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9988)); max. published weight: 19.0 kg (Ref. 28850); max. reported age: 50 years (Ref. 3494) Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988) van Oosten, J. 1946 Maximum size and age of whitefish. The Fisherman 14(8):17-18. (Ref. 28850) Power, G. 1978 Fish population structure in Arctic lakes. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:53-59. (Ref. 3494) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-01-16 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=234 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 120291); freshwater; brackish; depth range 8 - 128 m (Ref. 3849) Morin, B., C. Hudon and F. Whoriskey 1991 Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, <i>Gadus ogac</i>, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay. Can. J. Zool. 69:3061-3070. (Ref. 120291) Koelz, W. 1929 Coregonid fishes of the Great lakes. Fish. Bull. 43:297-643. (Ref. 3849)