FB-241 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=241 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792) Pukkellaks Gorbusza Salmao-rosa Salmão-rosa سلمون وردي Eog cefngrwm Pukkellaks Buckelkopflachs Buckellachs Gorbuscha-Lachs Rosa Lachs Humpback Humpback salmon Humpie Humpy Pink Pink salmon Slimy Gorbuuša Kúlulaksur Kyttyrälohi Saumon à bosse Saumon rose Saumon rose à bosse Ts'iit'aan Bleiklax Hnúolax Amoktit Atakak Ikalugruak Kalugruak Tixtiq Salmone rosa Karafutomasu カラフトマス 곱사연어 Ech-ech Gorbuscha Gorbusha Kal'-al' Kraska-balyk Krasnina Kykhyl-balyk Tengi Uru Горбуша горбуша Puckellax Sti'moon Pembe alabalik Горбуша Salmón rosado amaqtuuq Amarturpiaq Èa-pi Henen' Ḱáṕi K'wit'thet K'wolexw Losos grbavec Rode zalm Roze zalm Schaanexw Shamet skelex Shmexwalsh Sináech Sk'wel'eng's schaanexw Slhop' schaanexw Solomós Spak'ws schaanexw 細鱗大麻哈魚 细鳞大麻哈鱼 Oncorhynchus scouleri (Richardson, 1836) Salmo gorbuscha Walbaum, 1792 Salmo scouleri Richardson, 1836 1990-10-17 2024-11-22 Robins, C.R., R.M. 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Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 October 2003; Caught at sea, copepod parasites over anal fin. Locality: Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_f3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_f3.jpg Locality: Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. FB-pic-240-42624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2005-10-03 2008-08-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size October 2003 Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_f4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_f4.jpg Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. FB-pic-240-42625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2005-10-03 2010-08-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats October 2003 Locality: Fraser River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_m3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_m3.jpg Locality: Fraser River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. FB-pic-240-42626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2005-10-03 2010-08-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat October 2003 Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_f5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_f5.jpg Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. FB-pic-240-42628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2005-10-03 2008-08-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution October 2003; 3,6 kg Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_m4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_m4.jpg Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. FB-pic-240-42629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2005-10-03 2008-08-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 October 2003 Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_m5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_m5.jpg Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. FB-pic-240-42630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2005-10-03 2008-08-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size October 2003 Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_m6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_m6.jpg Locality: Harrison River, Mission, British Columbia, Canada. FB-pic-240-44464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-10 2006-04-10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ongor_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ongor_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-11-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat An anadromous species which inhabits ocean and coastal streams (Ref. 5723, 86798). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Pelagic at the sea. In freshwater, lives in Montane and Piedmont rivers with moderate to fast current and gravel bottom. Spawns in riffles or at head of riffles in shallow water with current up to 1.5 m/s, and clean coarse gravel (Ref. 59043). Spends 18 months at sea after which spawning migration to the natal river or stream occurs; but because the species is less certain of its homing and there is a certain degree of wandering, streams as much as 640 km from natal streams may be used (Ref. 1998, 27547). Upon emerging from the gravel, fry immediately move downstream and remain inshore for a few months before going out to sea. Fry may feed on nymphal and larval insects while in fresh water, but may not feed at all. In the sea, young feed on copepods and larvacean tunicates, its diet shifting to amphipods, euphausiids and fishes as the fish grows (Ref. 27547). Other food include ostracods, decapod larvae, cirripeds, tunicates, dipterous insects (Ref. 1998, 27547). Fry may be preyed upon by birds and mammals while adults by marine mammals and large fish (Ref. 1998). Mostly sold canned (Ref. 1998) but also utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; also valued for caviar, especially in Japan; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). The smallest of the true salmon (Ref. 12218). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-DiagnosticDescr-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-12-08 00:00:00 2010-07-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distinguished by the presence of large black spots on the back and on both lobes of the caudal fin; the young have no parr marks (Ref. 27547). Body fusiform, streamlined, somewhat laterally compressed; moderately, deeper in breeding males (Ref. 1998). Mouth terminal, normally very little oblique but greatly deformed in breeding males, with lower jaw enlarged, turned up at tip, mouth unable to close (Ref. 1998). Adipose fin large; pelvic fins with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are steel blue to blue-green on the back, silver on the sides and white on the belly; large oval spots present on the back, adipose fin and both lobes of the caudal fin (Ref. 27547). Breeding males become dark on the back, red with brownish green blotches on the sides; breeding females are similar but less distinctly colored (Ref. 27547). Differs from Oncorhynchus mykiss by having the following unique characters: anal fin with 11-15½ (usually 13½ ) branched rays; 177-240 scales in midlateral row; 26-33 gill rakers; large mature males with enormous hump; juveniles lacking parr marks; and lacking pink to red stripe on flank (Ref. 59043). Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Morphology-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-12-08 00:00:00 2010-07-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 15; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 11 - 19; Vertebrae: 63 - 72 Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Distribution-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Arctic and Pacific drainages from Mackenzie River delta, Northwest Territories, Canada to Sacramento River drainage, in California, USA; occasionally as far as La Jolla, southern California; also in northeast Asia (Ref. 86798). On Asia side, from North Korea to Jana and Lena drainages in Artic Russia. In Bering Sea north of about 40°N and from Bering Strait northeast to Point Barrow and northwest to Lena estuary (Ref. 59043). Introduced elsewhere. Occasionally hybridizes with Oncorhynchus keta producing fertile offspring (Ref. 28983). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-Uses-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-11-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-11-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Zhivotovsky, L. 2015 Genetic history of salmonid fishes of the genus <i>Oncorhynchus</i>. Russian J. Gen. 51(5):491-505. (Ref. 132363) FB-LifeCycle-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-11-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=240&StockCode=254 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Adults develop secondary sexual characteristics during their upstream migration (Ref. 1998), which occurs any time from June to late September, depending on location (Ref. 27547). Male develop a humpback, an enlarged head and large teeth on both jaws that form a pronounced hooked type (Ref. 59043). The upstream run seems to be triggered by high water (Ref. 27547). Female builds the redd by lying on one side and using its tail, it displaces silt and light gravel to produce a deep trough. Male spends most of the time driving off intruding males. When the redd is completed, the female drops into it, followed immediately by the male. They open their mouths, vibrate and release eggs and sperm. In some cases, several males spawn with a single female. The eggs are then covered as the female digs a new redd at the upstream edge of the previous one. Adults live up to a few weeks after spawning before they die (Ref. 1998, 27547). Reported to die 10-20 days after spawning (Ref. 59043). About 1200-1800 eggs are laid. After hatching and the yellow egg yolk is absorbed, if the hatchling doesn't have a parr mark they go to the ocean and come again to the same birthplace stream the next year during spring after growing for 16-18 months. Survival rates are low, at 1-25% (taken from a Canadian river) (Ref. 12218). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846). Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-TrophicStrategy-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-07 00:00:00 2018-05-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public gorbuscha http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Anadromous (Ref. 5951). The young migrate seaward (Ref. 9043). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Spends 18 months at sea after which spawning migration to the natal river or stream occurs; but because the species is less certain of its homing and there is a certain degree of wandering, streams as much as 640 km from natal streams may be used (Ref. 1998, 27547). Upon emerging from the gravel, fry immediately move downstream and remain inshore for a few months before going out to sea (Ref. 27547). Fry may feed on nymphal and larval insects while in fresh water, but may not feed at all. In the sea, young feed on copepods and larvacean tunicates, its diet shifting to amphipods, euphausiids and fishes as the fish grows (Ref. 27547). Other food include ostracods, decapod larvae, cirripeds, tunicates, dipterous insects and planktonic organisms (Ref. 1998, 13434, 27547). Fry may be preyed upon by birds and mammals while adults by marine mammals and large fish (Ref. 1998). Shershnev, A.P., V.V. Chupakhin and V.A. Rudnev 1982 Ecology of juvenile pink salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i> (Salmonidae), from Sakhalin and Iturup Islands during the marine period of life. J. Ichthyol. 22(3):90-97. FB-Size-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-11-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 76.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 86798)); max. published weight: 6,990 g (Ref. 57875); max. reported age: 3 years (Ref. 27547) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) Machacek, H. (ed.) 2023 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com, 29 May 2023. (Ref. 57875) Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-11-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=240 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration demersal; anadromous (Ref. 132363); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550) Zhivotovsky, L. 2015 Genetic history of salmonid fishes of the genus <i>Oncorhynchus</i>. Russian J. Gen. 51(5):491-505. (Ref. 132363) Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev 2003 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550)