FB-407 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=407 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sciaenidae Cynoscion Cynoscion striatus (Cuvier, 1829) Havgjørs Kulbiniec szary Corvinata-real Pescada-amarela سمك ضعيف ملكي Kongetrommefisk Bastard trout Bastard weakfish Chickwick Common weakfish Gray sea trout Gray squwteague Gray weakfish Grey trout Grey weakfish Saltwater trout Sandtrout Seatrout Shecutts Silver seatrout Silver squeteague Silver weakfish Squeteague Squit Weakfish Hall varjukala Veltto Acoupa royal окунь черный каменный Havsgös Vekfisk Corvinata real Siva grba Wittiewittie 犬牙石首魚 犬牙石首鱼 Cestreus carolinensis Gronow, 1854 Cynoscion regalis regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Johnius regalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Labrus squeteague Mitchill, 1815 Otolithus obliquatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1879 Roccus comes Mitchill, 1814 1990-10-17 2010-04-05 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. 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Diversity 2017 9(47):1-7. (Ref. 122657) Sagarese, S.R., R.M. Cerrato and M.G. Frisk0 Diet composition and feeding habits of common fishes in Long Island Bays, New York. Northeast. Nat. 18(3):291-314. (Ref. 124031) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174) Martins, R. and M. Carneiro0 Manual de identificação de peixes ósseos da costa continental portuguesa. Principais características diagnosticantes. IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisboa:1-204. (Ref. 128458) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Turnure, J.T., K.W. Able and T.M. Grothues0 Patterns of intra-estuarine movement of adult weakfish (Cynoscion regalis): evidence of site affinity at seasonal and diel scales. Fishery Bulletin 113(2):167-179. (Ref. 130053) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-08-11 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occurs usually in shallow coastal waters over sand and sandy mud bottoms. Juveniles are euryhaline. During summer the fish move to their nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes. Oviparous, with high fecundity (Ref. 54406). The species leave estuaries during the fall when water temperatures decrease, but are also known to overwinter in these areas. It has been reported that the fish cease feeding and die when the water temperature reaches 7.9 deg C and 3.3 deg. C, respectively (Ref. 122657). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-DiagnosticDescr-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Sheryl Yap 2004-12-08 00:00:00 2004-12-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Body greenish grey above and silvery below, back with small spots forming undulating dotted lines. Pelvic fins and anal fin yellowish other fins pale, sometimes with a yellowish tinge. Inside of opercle dark, visible externally. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with only 1 marginal pore. Gas bladder with a pair of nearly straight, horn-like appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin covered with small scales up to 1/2 of fin height (Ref 51721). Chao, N.L. 2003 Scianidae. Croakers. p. 1583-1653. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51721) FB-Morphology-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Sheryl Yap 2004-12-08 00:00:00 2004-12-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25 - 29; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 11 - 13 Chao, N.L. 2003 Scianidae. Croakers. p. 1583-1653. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51721) FB-Distribution-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2023-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to northern Florida, USA. Introduced in Europe (Ref. 122657). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Uses-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-08-11 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) FB-Migration-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-08-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1998-06-26 00:00:00 2015-03-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public regalis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Occurs usually in shallow coastal waters over sand and sandy mud bottoms. Juveniles are euryhaline. During summer the fish move to their nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes. Merriner, J.V. 1975 Food habits of the weakfish, <i>Cynoscion regalis</i>, in North Carolina waters. Chesapeake Sci., 16:74-76. (Ref. 13503) FB-Size-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-08-11 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 98.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 8,850 g (Ref. 40637) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-406-57 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-03 00:00:00 2004-03-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=406&StockCode=420 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases Lannan, C.N., J.L. Batholomew and J.L. Fryer 1999 Chlamydial infections of fish: Epitheliocystis. p.255-267. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections. CABI Int'l. (Ref. 48851) FB-Habitat-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2020-08-11 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 26 m (Ref. 54407) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Mercer, L.P. 1989 Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Mid-Atlantic) - weakfish. U.S. Fish Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.109). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 17 p. (Ref. 54407)