FB-4474 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Percoidei Percidae Gymnocephalus Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, 1758) Hork Jazgarz Ježdík obecný Crychyn Almindelig hork Hork Gries Hork Kaulbarsch Kauschbarsch Kugelbarsch Kuhlbarsch Kulbersch Kulberschke Kutt Kütteberschi Pfaffenlaus Pfifferling Posch Rauiegel Rotzbarb Rotzbarsch Rötzert Rotzkater Rotzwolf Schlickerbarsch Schnotterbarsch Schnotterboars Schroll Steuerbarsch Stuhrt Stune Stur Sturbarsch Tork Pope Ruff Ruffe Harilik kiisk kiisk Kiiski Frash Goujon-perche Grémeuille Grémille Greuillet Grimau Kutt Perche goujonnière Roi Acerina ķīsis pūgžlys Yersh obyknovennyi Ерш обыкновенный обыкновенный ерш Hrebenacka obycajná Gärs Yorsz zvychainyi Йорж звичайний Acerina Balos Firizar Ghelmes Ghibort Mos Navadni okun Pos 梅花鱸 梅花鲈 Acerina cernua (Linnaeus, 1758) Acerina cernua danubica Vladykov, 1931 Acerina cernua essipovi Burmakin, 1941 Acerina cernus essipovi Burmakin, 1941 Acerina czekanowskii Dybowski, 1874 Acerina czekanowskü Dybowski, 1874 Acerina fischeri Eichwald, 1873 Acerina vulgaris Cuvier, 1829 Acerinus cernus essipovi Burmakin, 1941 Cernua fluviatilis Fleming, 1828 Gymnocephalus cernus (Linnaeus, 1758) Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758) Holocentrus post Lacepède, 1802 Perca cernua Linnaeus, 1758 1991-06-21 2020-01-25 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström0 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756) Winberg, G.G.0 Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. In F.E.J. Fry and W.E. Ricker (eds.) Translation Series No. 194. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. (Ref. 2093) Streltsova, S.V.0 Dermal respiration in fishes. Izvestiia VNIORKH 33:72-102. (Ref. 2125) Allardi, J. and P. Keith0 Atlas préliminaire des poissons d'eau douce de France. Coll. Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 4. Secrétariat Faune Flore, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. 234 p. (Ref. 2163) Ivanova, M.T.0 The respiration of various species of fishes of the Moscow River in the region of Zvenigorod. Uchenye zapiski MGU (Moscow State University) 33:51-63. (Ref. 2169) Spillman, C.-J.0 Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles,Tome 65. Paris. 303 p. (Ref. 2196) Post, A.0 Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Chromosomenzahlen bei Süßwasser-Teleosteern. Z. Zool. Syst. Evol.-Forsch. 3:47-93. (Ref. 2220) Hughes, G.M. and M. Morgan0 The structure of fish gills in relation to their respiratory function. Biol. Revs. 48(3):419-475. (Ref. 2302) Byczkowska-Smyk, W.0 The respiratory surface of the gills in teleosts. 4. The respiratory surface of the gills in the pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>), stone-perch (<i>Acerina cernus</i>) and the burbot (<i>Lota lota</i> L.). Acta Biol. Cracov. Zoo. 2:113-127. (Ref. 2332) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Post, A.0 Sudidae. p. 385. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4474) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Wheeler, A.0 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr0 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) Koli, L.0 Suomen kalat. [Fishes of Finland]. Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. Helsinki. 357 p. (in Finnish). (Ref. 6114) Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell0 Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, London.368 p. (Ref. 6258) Huusko, A.0 Kuusinkijoen kalatalousselvitys. (Study on the fisheries of the River Kuusinkijoki). Riista-ja kalatalouden tutkimuslaitos. Kalatutkimuksia 14. Helsinki, Finland. (Publication of the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute). (in Finnish). (Ref. 6275) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Holcík, J.0 Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23. (Ref. 6375) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. The information in FishBase was derived by comparing FishBase with a preliminary version 2.0 of Eschmeyer's PISCES database, published on the Internet in November 1996, URL:gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 7442) Manna, G.K.0 Fish cytogenetics related to taxonomy, evolution and monitoring aquatic genotoxic agents. p. 21-46. In P. Das and A.G. Jingran (eds.) Fish Genetics in India. Proceedings of the Symposium on Conservation and Management of Fish Genetic Resources of India. 11-13 April, 1986. (Ref. 8939) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) Pratt, D.M., W.H. Blust and J.H. Selgeby0 Ruffe, <i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i>: newly introduced in North America. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49(8):1616-1618. (Ref. 9048) Vostradovsky, J.0 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) Frier, J.-O.0 Danmark. Danske ferskvandsfisk og deres udbredelsesområde. p. 4-6, 83-99. In J.-O. Frier (ed.) Truede ferskvandsfiskearter i Norden. TemaNord 1994:625. Nordisk Ministerråd, København. (in Danish). (Ref. 9945) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm0 Europas ferskvandsfisk. GEC Gads Forlag, København. 224p. (in Danish). (Ref. 9946) Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii0 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953) Hartmann, G.L.0 Helvetische Ichthyologie, oder ausführliche Naturgeschichte der in der Schweiz sich vorfindenden Fische. Orell, Füßli und Compagnie, Zürich, Switzerland. (Ref. 10012) Günther, A.0 Die Fische des Neckars. Verlag von Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart, Germany.136 p. (Ref. 10013) Collette, B.B., M.A. Ali, K.E.F. Hokanson, M. Nagiec, S.A. Smirnov, J.E. Thorpe, A.H. Weatherly and J. Willemsen0 Biology of the percids. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34(10):1891-1899. (Ref. 10999) Travkina, G.L.0 Use of quantitative assessment to characterize the state of fish ovaries. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 11:147-150. (Transl. from Russian in J. Ichthyol. 11:120-123). (Ref. 11000) Johnsen, P.0 Studies on the distribution and food of the ruffe (<i>Acerina cernua</i> L.) in Denmark, with notes on other aspects. Medd. Dan. Fisk. Havunders. 4:137-155. (Ref. 11001) Kamilov, G. and Z.U. Urchinov0 Fish and fisheries in Uzbekistan under the impact of irrigated agriculture. p. 10-41 In T. Petr (ed.) Inland fisheries under the impact of irrigated agriculture:Central Asia. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 894. (Ref. 11145) Coad, B.W.0 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204) Shcherbukha, A.Y.0 Fauna of Ukraine. Fishes. Perch-like fishes (Perches, wrasses, vives, blennies, sand eels, dragonets, scombrids). (Fauna Ukrainy. Ryby. Okunepodob ni (Okunevydni, gubanovydni, drakonovydni, sobachkovydni, pischankovydni, librovydni, skumbrievydni). Kiev, Naukova Dumka Publishing House, 8(4) (in Ukrainian). (Ref. 12303) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Rab, P., P. Roth and B. Mayr0 Karyotype study of eight species of European percid fishes (Pisces, Percidae). Caryologia 40(4):307-318. (Ref. 13161) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Huusko, A. and T. Sutela0 Fish predation on vendace (<i>Coregonus albula</i> L.) larvae in Lake Lentua, Northern Finland. p. 381-391. In T.N. Todd and M. Luczynski (eds.) Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes 1990, 39(3-4). (Ref. 13377) Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696) Amori, G., F.M. Angelici, S. Frugis, G. Gandolfi, R. Groppali, B. Lanza, G. Relini and G. Vicini0 Vertebrata. In A. Minelli, S. Ruffo and S. La Posta (eds.) Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana, 110. Calderini, Bologna, 83 p. (Ref. 13729) Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov0 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736. (Ref. 26334) Gandolfi, G., S. Zerunian, P. Torricelli and A. Marconato (eds.)0 I pesci delle acque interne italiane. Ministero dell'Ambiente e Unione Zoologica Italiana. Instituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Roma. 616 p. (Ref. 27118) Gerstmeier, R. and T. Romig0 Die Süßwasserfische Europas: für Naturfreunde und Angler. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. 368 p. (Ref. 27368) Vehanen, T., P. Hyvärinen and A. Huusko0 Food consumption and prey orientation of piscivorous brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) and pikeperch (<i>Stizostedion lucioperca</i>) in a large regulated lake. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 14(1-2):15-22. (Ref. 28038) Brämick, U., U. Rothe, H. Schuhr, M. Tautenhahn, U. Thiel, C. Wolter and S. Zahn0 Fische in Brandenburg. Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten des Landes Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany. 152 p. (Ref. 28636) Nygren, A., P. Edlund, U. Hirsch and L. Ahsgren0 Cytological studies in perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i> L.), pike (<i>Esox lucius</i> L.), pike-perch (<i>Lucioperca lucioperca</i> L.), and ruft (<i>Acerina cernua</i> L.). Hereditas. 59(2-3):518-524. (Ref. 29378) Lieder, U.0 On presumptive sex chromosomes in <i>Perca</i>, <i>Acerina</i> and <i>Anguilla</i>. Biol. Zbl. 82(3):296-302. (Ref. 29417) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Kullander, S.O.0 Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes. Swedish Museum of Natural History. http://www.nrm.se/ve/pisces/allfish.shtml.en, 25 May 1999. (Ref. 30402) Billard, R.0 Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p. (Ref. 30578) Thiel, R., T. Mehner, B. Köpcke and R. Kafemann0 Diet niche relationship among early life stages of fish in German estuaries. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 47:123-136. (Ref. 30592) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Systematic list of Estonian fishes. World Wide Web Electronic Publication, 14 January 2000. (Ref. 33247) Anonymous0 Systematisk liste over norske fisk registert pr. 1997. http://alun.uio.no/zoomus/generell/avdelinger/fisk/fiskeliste.html (Ref. 33337) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Bozhko, S.I., B. Meszaros and E. Tóth0 The karyological studies on some species of Percidae. Acta Biol. Yugosl. Ichthyol. 10:17-28. (Ref. 34467) Mayr, B., M. Kalat, P. Ráb and M. Lambrou0 Band karyotypes and specific types of heterochromatin in several species of European percid fishes (Percidae, Pisces). Genetica 75:199-205. (Ref. 34555) Klinkhardt, M.0 Karyologische Studien an verschiedenen Süßwasserfischarten aus brackigen Küstengewässern der südwestlichen Ostsee: I. Der Kaulbarsch (<i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)). Zool. Anz. 224:156-164. (Ref. 34753) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen0 Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea. ICES CM 2000/Mini:11, 15 p. (Ref. 36252) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Hölker, F. and C. Hammer0 Growth and food of the ruffe <i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i> (L.) in the Elbe estuary. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 42(1):47-62. (Ref. 36773) Arzbach, H.-H.0 Fischereibiologische Untersuchungen in Tidebreich der Stör. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Hamburg, Inst. Hydrobiol. Fischereiwiss. 121 p. (Ref. 36782) Bast, H., H.M. Winkler and H. Hahn0 Bemerkungen zur Biologie und Bedeutung des Kaulbarsches (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i>) der Darß-Zingster Boddenkette. Fischerei Forsch. 21:34-38. (Ref. 36783) Bauch, G.0 Die einheimischen Süßwasserfische. Neumann Verlag, Radebeul und Berlin. (Ref. 36785) Hölker, F.0 Nahrungsbiologie des Kaulbarsches (<i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> L.) in der Elbe. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Hamburg, Inst. Hydrobiol. Fischereiwiss. 104 p. (Ref. 36786) Knowles, C.M.0 Vorkommmen, Verbreitung und Biologie der häufigsten Fischarren der Unterelbe unter Berücksichtigung der Plötze (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i> (L.)) und des Kaulbarsches (<i>Acerina cernua</i> (L.)). M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Hamburg, Inst. Hydrobiol. Und Fischereiwiss. 85 p. (Ref. 36787) Masatova, I. and J. Zaveta0 Growth of the ruffe (<i>Acerina cernua</i>, Pisces: Perciformes) in the Orlik riverine lake. Vest. Cs. Spolec. Zool. 52:166-175. (Ref. 36788) Neuhaus, E.0 Studien über das Stettiner Haff und seine Nebengewässer. II. Untersuchungen über den Kaulbarsch. Zeitschr. Fisch. 32:1-35. (Ref. 36789) Mohr, E.0 Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte des Barsches (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i> L.) und des Kaulbarsches (<i>Acerina cernua</i> L.). Mitt. Zool. Inst. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 40:79-94. (Ref. 36790) Nolte, W.0 Untersuchungen über den kaulbarsch des Frischen Haffs. Zeitschr. Fisch. 37:529-545. (Ref. 36791) Rathcke, P.-C.0 Bestandskundliche Untersuchungen an Fischen des Alsterbeckens. M.Sc. thesis, Univ. Hamburg, Inst. Hydrobiol. Fischereiwiss. 171 p. (Ref. 36792) Wonham, M.J., J.T. Carlton, G.M. Ruiz and L.D. Smith0 Fish and ships: relating dispersal frequency to success in biological invasions. Mar. Biol. 136(6):1111-1121. (Ref. 37896) Wärn, L.0 Fishes of Lake Unden in Sweden. Pers. comm. (list of 18 scientific and common names sampled by author in Lake Unden). (Ref. 38153) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Banarescu, P.0 Pisces - Osteichthyes (pesti ganoizi si osisi). Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, Bucuresti. 962 p. (Ref. 39150) Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531) Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.)0 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Walker, K.F. and H.Z. Yang0 Fish and fisheries in western China. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 385:237-278. (Ref. 41093) Lusk, S. and L. Hanel0 The Red List of lampreys and fishes in the Czech Republic - Version 2000. Biodiverzita ichtyofauny CR(III):5-13. (Ref. 41386) Khlopnikov, M.M.0 Feeding of predatory fishes in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea. J. Ichthyol. 32(7):152-159. (Ref. 41405) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Pinder, A.C.0 Keys to larval and juvenile stages of coarse fishes from fresh waters in the British Isles. Freshwater Biological Association. The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK. Scientific Publication No. 60. 136 p. (Ref. 41678) Spratte, S and U. Hartmann0 Fischartenkataster: Süßwasserfische und Neunaugen in Schleswig-Holstein. Ministerium für ländliche Räume, Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Tourismus, Kiel Germany. 183 p. (Ref. 41851) Wolfram-Wais, A., G. Wolfram, B. Auer, E. Mikschi and A. Hain0 Feeding habits of two introduced fish species (<i>Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva</i>) in Neusiedler See (Austria), with special reference to chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Hydrobiologia 408/409:123-129. (Ref. 42249) Pervozvanskiy, V.Y. and V.F. Bugayev0 Notes on the ecology of the northern pike, <i>Esox lucius</i>, from the Keret' River (White Sea Basin). J. Ichthyol. 32(4):116-126. (Ref. 42271) Kangur, K., A. Kangur and P. Kangur0 A comparative study on the feeding of eel, <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> (L.), bream. <i>Abramis brama</i> (L.) and ruffle, <i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i> (L.) in Lake Võrtjärv, Estonia. Hydrobiologia 408/409:65-72. (Ref. 42274) Otel, V.0 The presence of the species <i>Gymnocephalus baloni</i> Holcik et Hensel, 1974 (Pisces, Percidae) in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. Analele St.ale Inst.Delta Dunarii 7:40-43. (Ref. 42656) Hölker, F. and A. Temming0 Gastric evacuation in ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i> (L.)) and the estimation of food consumption from stomach content data of two 24h fisheries in the Elbe Estuary. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 44(1/2):47-67. (Ref. 42694) Andriyashev, A.P. and N.V. Chernova0 Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the Arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123. (Ref. 43202) Thorman, S.0 Physical factors affecting the abundance and species richness of fishes in the shallow waters of the southern Bothnian Sea (Sweden). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 22:357-369. (Ref. 43772) Biró, P.0 The food of pike perch (<i>Lucioperca lucioperca</i> L.) in Lake Balaton. Annal. Biol. Tihany 40:150-183. (Ref. 43844) Bogutskaya, N.G.0 Common names of Russian freshwater fishes. Spreadsheet with cyrillic names made available for inclusion in FishBase. Unpublished. (Ref. 45043) Baruš, V. and O. Oliva (eds.)0 Mihulovci a ryby. Fauna R a SR. (Cyclostomata and fishes. Fauna of Czech Republic and Slovakia). sv. 28 Academia Praha. (Ref. 45250) Bianco, P.G. and V. Ketmaier0 Anthropogenic changes in the freshwater fish fauna of Italy, with reference to the central region and <i>Barbus graellsii</i>, a newly established alien species of Iberian origin. J. Fish Biol. 59(Suppl.A):190-208. (Ref. 45688) Penczak, T.0 Fish production and food consumption in the Warta river (Poland): continued post-impoundment study (1990-1994). Hydrobiologia 416:107-123. (Ref. 46625) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Jamet, J.L.0 Feeding activity of adult roach (<i>Rutilis rutilus</i> (L.)), perch (<i>Perca fluvialitis</i> L.) and ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i> (L.)) in eutrophic lake Aydat (France). Aquat. Sci. 56(4):376-387. (Ref. 47978) Hölker, F. and R. Thiel0 Biology of ruffle (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i>L.) - a review of selected aspects from European literature. J. Great Lakes Res. 24(2):186-204. (Ref. 49143) Anonymous0 Welsh names of animals and plants: I Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. p.17-26. In W.B.L. Evans (ed.) Cyfres enwan (creaduriaid a phlauhigion: I creaduriaid asgwrn-cefn pysgod, amffibiaid, ymlusgiaid, adar a mamaliaid. Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd. (Ref. 50359) Thiel, R., H. Cabral and M.J. Costa0 Composition, temporal changes and ecological guild classification of the ichthyofaunas of large European estuaries - a comparison between the Tagus (Portugal) and the Elbe (Germany). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 19(5):330-342. (Ref. 51031) Moravec, F.0 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai Natural Museum and Ministry of Agriculture of China0 The freshwater fishes of China in coloured illustrations. Vol. 3. Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica and Shanghai Natural Museum and Ministry of Agriculture of China. Includes 188 colured photos in hardback, 166p. (Ref. 51717) Ojaveer, E., E. Pihu and T. Saat0 Fishes of Estonia. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn. 416 p. (Ref. 52093) Lusk, S., L. Hanel and V. Lusková0 Red list of the ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: Development and present status. Folia Zool. 53(2):215-226. (Ref. 52149) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns0 Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2554:iv+89p. (Ref. 52559) Hanel, L.0 Komentovaný přehled mihulí a ryb české republiky. Bull. Lampetra V:27-67. (Ref. 54731) Hanel, L.0 The ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: development and present state. Matthias Belivs Univ. Proc. 3(1):41-71. (Ref. 54732) Bogutskaya, N.G.0 Compilation of 70 ecoregion in Russia with about 700 species. Compilation of Nina Bogutskaya. Excel file. (Ref. 55804) Plikss, M.0 Fish of Latvia. http://latvijas.daba.lv/scripts/db/saraksti/saraksti.cgi?d=zivis&l=en. Accessed 24/11/05. (Ref. 55893) Smolian, K.0 Merkbuch der Binnenfischerei. Fischereiförderung GmbH, Berlin, Germany, p. 449, XXV. (Ref. 55947) Duncker, G.0 Korrelation zwischen Länge und Gewicht der Fische. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen Helgoland 15(4):1-50. (Ref. 56227) Podlesnyi, A.V.0 Fishes of Enisey, their environments and use. P. 97-178 in Pravdin, I.F. and P.L. Pirozhnikov (Eds.). Commercial fishes of Ob and Enisey and their use. Izv. VNIORH 44. Moscow, Pishchepromizdat. (Ref. 56502) Titenkov, I.S.0 Fisheries and biology of ruffe in Ladozhskoye Lake. Izv. VNIORH 38:150-153. (Ref. 56503) Iacob, L. and I. Dima0 Regnul Animalia. Eukarya. Enciclopedia Florei si Faunei din Romania. (Ref. 56616) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Don River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58293) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Kuban River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58296) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Volga River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58297) Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.)0 DIAS. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control. CD-ROM. Rome (Italy): FAO. (Ref. 74657) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Ogle, D.H. and I.J. Winfield0 Ruffe Length-Weight Relationships with a Proposed Standard Weight Equation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 29:850-858. (Ref. 80795) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of 2 July 2009. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 81932) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr0 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) AFMAFEWM (Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management)0 Checklist of species in Austria. Federal Office for Water Management, Institute of Waters Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research. (Ref. 87703) Huo, T.B., M.Y. Yuan and Z.F. Jiang0 Length-weight relationships of 23 fish species from the Ergis River in Xingjiang, China. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27:937-938. (Ref. 88165) Verreycken, H., G. Van Thuyne and C. Belpaire0 Length-weight relationships of 40 freshwater fish species from two decades of monitoring in Flanders (Belgium). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2011:1-5. (Ref. 88166) Teletchea, F., A. Fostier, E. Kamler, J-N. Gardeur, P-Y. Le Bail, B. Jalabert and P. Fontaine0 Comparative analysis of reproductive traits in 65 freshwater fish species: application to the domestication of new fish species. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 19:403-430. (Ref. 88808) Eschmeyer, W.N. and Fricke R. (eds.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 12 January 2012. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 89336) Maitland, P.S. and A.A. Lyle0 Threatened freshwater fishes of Great Britain. p. 9-21. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 90052) Holčik, J.0 Vanishing freshwater fish species of Slovakia. p. 79-86. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 90058) Lusk, S.0 The status of the fish fauna in the Czech Republic. p. 89-98. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 90060) Povz, M.0 The red data list of the freshwater lampreys (Cyclostomata) and fish (Pisces) of Slovenia. p. 63-72. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 90061) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Zięba, G., G.H. Copp, G.D. Davies, P. Stebbing, K.J. Wesley and Robert J.B.0 Recent releases and dispersal of non-native fishes in England and Wales, with emphasis on sunbleak <i>Leucaspius delineatus</i> (Heckel, 1843). Aquatic Invasions 5(2):155-161. (Ref. 101394) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Çiçek, E., R. Fricke and S.S. Birecikligil0 Freshwater fishes of Turkey: a revised and updated annotated checklist. Biharean Biologist 9(2):141-157. (Ref. 106151) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Devine, J.A., S.T. Schram and M.J. Hansen0 A food web analysis of the fishery in Chequamegon Bay, Lake Superior. Wisconsin DNR Fisheries Management Reports, https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/publications/ManagementReports.html. Accessed July 2019. (Ref. 120684) Eakins, R.J.0 Ruffe. Ontario Freshwater Fishes Life History Database. Version 4.86. Online database. (http://www.ontariofishes.ca), accessed 06 August 2019 (Ref. 120759) Great Lakes Fishery Commission Ruffe Task Force0 Ruffe in the Great Lakes: a threat to North American fisheries. Report of the Ruffe Task Force, Great Lakes Fishery Commission. 148 p. (Ref. 120788) Roseman, E.F., J.S. Schaeffer and P.J. Steen0 Review of fish diversity in the Lake Huron basin. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12(1):11-22. (Ref. 120881) Fuller, P., G. Jacobs, J. Larson, T.H. Makled and A. Fusaro0 <i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> (Linnaeus, 1758): U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.. https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=7, Revision Date: 11/26/2019, Peer Review Date: 4/1/2016, Access Date: 1/25/2020. (Ref. 121625) Blanck, A. and N. Lamouroux0 Large-scale intraspecific variation in life-history traits of European freshwater fish. J. Biogeo. U. Biogeogr. 34:862-875. (Ref. 121814) Tammiksaar, E. and K. Kangur0 Fish and fishing in Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia) since 1851: Similarities and differences between historical and modern times. J. Great Lakes Res. 46(2020):862-869. (Ref. 122793) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Simon, J., W.-C. Lewin and E. Fladung0 Length-weight relations for 19 freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii) from the lowland Elbe River, Germany. Acta Ichthyol. Et. Pisc. 53:129-135. (Ref. 129172) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) WDNR, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources0 Wisconsin Fish Species List.. World Wide Web electronic publication, Accessed 05 Oct. 2024. Madison (USA, WI): Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 6 p. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/Species_wifish.pdf (Ref. 132215) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2020-01-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Inhabits eutrophic lakes, lowland and piedmont rivers. Most abundant in estuaries of large rivers, brackish lakes with salinities up to 10-12 ppt and reservoirs. In general, its abundance increases with increased eutrophication (Ref. 59043). Reported to prefer still or slow-flowing water with soft bottom and without vegetation (Ref. 59043) and deep water with deposits of sand and gravel (Ref. 9696). Can tolerate some degradation of the environment (Ref. 30578). Can co-exist in deep lakes with Perca fluviatilis. Both species partly occur at different depths with Gymnocephalus cernua being more abundant in deeper layers (Ref. 59043). The membranous external walls of the head canals of this species provide high directional sensitivity; can feed at night in the dark using the lateral line system; feeds on zooplankton, chironomids, oligochaetes and amphipods (Ref. 10999). Pelagic in coastal lakes and tidal estuaries, preying on zooplankton and fish. Spawns on a variety of substrates at depths of about 3 m or less (Ref. 59043). White to yellow eggs in sticky strands are found on rocks and weed in shallow water (Ref. 41678). Used as bait for pike (Ref. 6258). Females live up to 10 year while males up to 7 years (Ref. 59043). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-26 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Distinguished uniquely from its congeners by its body depth 24-27% SL. Differs further from other members of the genus by the combination of having a flank yellowish with numerous, small, irregular, dark blotches and having 11-16 dorsal spines (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 16 to 17 rays (Ref. 40476). Dorsal fins are fused. Color brownish with dark spots (Ref. 35388). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-26 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 11 - 19; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 16; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 5 - 6; Vertebrae: 35 - 36 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 Europe: Caspian, Black, Baltic and North Sea basins; Great Britain; north to about 69° N in Scandinavia. Asia: Aral Sea basin, Arctic Ocean basin eastward to Kolyma drainage. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction. Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2020-01-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) FB-Migration-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2020-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2020-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4474&StockCode=4672 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eggs turn adhesive on contact with water and stick to stones or plants. Females lay eggs in two or more portions, usually separated by about 30 days in summer. First portion of eggs is larger the second portion. Larvae without or with only a brief, pelagic larval stage, switching early to benthic life, secretive and solitary, not forming schools. Larval survival is poor below 10°C and above 20°C (Ref. 59043). Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953) FB-TrophicStrategy-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-31 00:00:00 2015-03-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public cernua http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabits lakes, quiet pools and margins of streams. Prefers deep water with deposits of sand and gravel (Ref. 9696). The membranous external walls of the head canals of this species provide high directional sensitivity; can feed at night in the dark using the lateral line system; feeds on zooplankton, chironomids, oligochaetes and amphipods (Ref. 10999). Novoselov, A.P. 1987 Food relationships of the introduced peled, <i>Coregonus peled</i>, with the indigenous ichthyofauna under lake and riverine conditions in Arkhangel Province. J. Ichthyol. 27(4):161-169. FB-Size-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2020-01-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 556)); max. published weight: 400 g (Ref. 556); max. reported age: 10 years (Ref. 59043) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2020-01-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4474 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 8 - 12; depth range 2 - 85 m (Ref. 121625) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Fuller, P., G. Jacobs, J. Larson, T.H. Makled and A. Fusaro 2020 <i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> (Linnaeus, 1758): U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.. https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=7, Revision Date: 11/26/2019, Peer Review Date: 4/1/2016, Access Date: 1/25/2020. (Ref. 121625)