FB-6426 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sparidae Pagrus Pagrus auratus (Forster, 1801) Dourada-australiana Bulehavrude Schnapper Bream Cockney Cockney bream Cockney snapper Eastern snapper Golden snapper Nobblers Old man Old man red snapper Old man snapper Pink snapper Pinkie Queen red bream Red bream Red pargo Reddie Ruggers Schnapper Silver seabream Snapper Squire Squirefish Tai snapper Tamure Western snapper White snapper Hõbedane pagrus Dorade Taamure Пагр розовый (=люциан австралийский) Dorada del Pacífico Daivula ni horara 金赤鯛 金赤鲷 隆背金鯛 隆背金鲷 Chrysophrys auratus (Forster, 1801) Chrysophrys guttulatus (Valenciennes, 1830) Chrysophrys major (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) Chrysophrys unicolor Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 Labrus auratus Forster, 1801 Pagrosomus auratus (Forster, 1801) Pagrosomus major (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) Pagrus arthurius Jordan & Starks, 1906 Pagrus chinensis Steindachner, 1870 Pagrus guttulatus Valenciennes, 1830 Pagrus latus Richardson & Solander, 1842 Pagrus micropterus Valenciennes, 1830 Pagrus ruber Steindachner, 1883 Pagrus unicolor (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Sciaena lata Solander, 1842 Sparosomus unicolor (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Sparus auratus (non Linnaeus, 1758) 1992-09-16 2024-08-16 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 138103) FB-pic-6426-832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-12 2010-07-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Paaur_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Paaur_u1.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Inhabit rocky reefs (Ref. 9702). Also occur in estuaries (Ref. 9563). Juveniles mainly inhabit inlets, bays and other shallow, sheltered marine waters, often over mud and seagrass (Ref. 6390). Small fish measuring less than 30 cm TL are common inshore around reef areas often in groups of around 30 individuals. Larger fish are shy and are less frequently seen (Ref. 26966). Adults often live near reefs, but are also found over mud and sand substrates (Ref. 6390). They are relatively sedentary. However, tagging studies have shown them capable of substantial migrations (Ref. 28591). Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, etc) form the basis of the diet, but marine worms, starfish, sea urchins, shellfish and fish are also important (Ref. 28591). Not commercially cultured at present but considered as a prime aquaculture candidate (Ref. 28590). Maximum estimated age for SW Pacific is 54 years with validated longevity on the order of 40 years based on minimum age from bomb radiocarbon dating (Ref. 92924; Allen Andrews, pers.comm. 01/13). It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus cirrusspiralis on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057). Paulin, C.D. 1990 <i>Pagrus auratus</i>, a new combination for the species known as "snapper" in Australasian waters (Pisces: Sparidae). N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 24(2):259-265. (Ref. 28569) FB-Distribution-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2023-10-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Indo-Pacific: widely occurring off New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, China, Taiwan, and Japan. Populations in the northern and southern hemispheres are independent and isolated but were similar enough to be declared one and the same species (Ref. 28569, 28591). Paulin, C.D. 1990 <i>Pagrus auratus</i>, a new combination for the species known as "snapper" in Australasian waters (Pisces: Sparidae). N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 24(2):259-265. (Ref. 28569) FB-Uses-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental; gamefish: yes FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Bell, J.D., N. Quartararo and G.W. Henry 1991 Growth of snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i>, from south-eastern Australia in captivity. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 25(2):117-121. (Ref. 28588) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Mature adults form large schools in preferred spawning areas (Ref. 6390). They are serial spawners (Ref. 6390). Spawning generally occurs in waters less than 50 m deep (Ref. 6390). They generally only spawn when water temp is equal to 18°C (Ref. 6390).There have been no investigations of sex reversals in Australian snapper populations. However, in New Zealand, some juvenile snapper change sex from female to male but all such changes are completed by the onset of maturity (Ref. 28040). Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) FB-TrophicStrategy-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1998-11-23 00:00:00 2008-12-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public auratus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Juvenile snapper leave the midwater zone to inhabit reefs or rocky outcrops when they are 12 months of age and about 6 cm long (Ref. 6390). They are most abundant in seagrass beds and are also associated with reef and gravel areas (Ref. 30572). As they grow, they move into deeper water and aggregate on near inshore reefs (Ref. 30572). In New Zealand, juvenile snapper (less than 25 cm FL) are caught in water 0-25 m deep (Ref. 30575). In southern Australia, juvniles and post-flexion larvae enter estuaries at floodtides (Ref. 30576).In New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, the older juveniles and young adults progressively move to coastal and offshore waters and some individuals also migrate substantial distances along the coastline (Ref. 6390). Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) FB-Size-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases 130 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2334)); max. published weight: 20.0 kg (Ref. 28591); max. reported age: 54 years (Ref. 92924) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Hayes, E. 1994 Snapper in New South Wales. NSW Fisheries Fishnote DF/37. 4 p. (Ref. 28591) Kalish, J.M. 1993 Pre- and post-bomb radiocarbon in fish otoliths. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 114(1993):549-554. (Ref. 92924) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-6426-168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Anisakis Disease (juvenile). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Bivagina Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Choricotyle Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-680 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Cucullanus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Diphtherostomum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Lamellodiscus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Philometra Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Proctoeces Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Diseases-6426-917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-02 00:00:00 2003-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6426&StockCode=6747 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Unicolax Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Sharples, A.D. and C.W. Evans 1995 Metazoan parasites of the snapper, <i>Pagrus auratus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), in New Zealand. 1. Prevalence and abundance. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(2):195-201. (Ref. 45519) FB-Habitat-6426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-08-16 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 28569) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Paulin, C.D. 1990 <i>Pagrus auratus</i>, a new combination for the species known as "snapper" in Australasian waters (Pisces: Sparidae). N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 24(2):259-265. (Ref. 28569)