FB-8799 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Pelvicachromis Pelvicachromis taeniatus (Boulenger, 1901) Barwniak szmaragdowy Paletcichlide Smaragdprachtbarsch Streifenprachtbrasch Kribensis Tilapia Punakõht-juveelahven Nguala Kirjopalettikala Epia Kuruma Bone back Itoin 带突颌丽鱼 带纹矛耙丽鱼 帶突頜麗魚 帶紋矛耙麗魚 Pelmatochromis calliptera Pellegrin, 1929 Pelmatochromis klugei Meinken, 1960 Pelmatochromis kribensis calliptera Pellegrin, 1929 Pelmatochromis kribensis klugei Meinken, 1960 Pelmatochromis pulcher klugei Meinken, 1960 Pelmatochromis taeniatus Boulenger, 1901 Pelmatochromis taeniatus klugei Meinken, 1960 1994-02-18 2013-07-15 Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. (Ref. 2209) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Daget, J.0 Pelvicachromis. p. 363-366. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5677) Petrovicky, I.0 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. (Ref. 7319) Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 714-779. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, 902 p. (Ref. 7378) McKay, R.J.0 Introductions of exotic fishes in Australia. p. 177-199. In Courtenay, W.R. Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (Editors). Distribution, Biology and Management of Exotic fishes. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12559) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Paugy, D., K. Traoré and P.S. Diouf0 Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p.35-66. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p. (Ref. 13331) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Fermon, Y.0 Les <i>Haplochromis</i> spp. (Teleostei, Cichlidae) des zones rocheuses du Mwanza Gulf, Lac Victoria, Tanzanie: Structure des communautés et écomorphologie. Thèse présentée pour l'obtention du Diplôme de Doctorat du Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle. Thèses et Documents Microfichés No. 157. ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 13624) Paulo, J.0 Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie westafrikanischer Höhlenbrüter am Beispiel von <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i> (Boulenger, 1901) (Cichlidae). p. 225-232. In H. Greven and R. Riehl (eds.) Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Aquarienfische. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. (Ref. 26488) Schliewen, U.K.0 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p. (Ref. 30491) Olaosebikan, B.D. and A. Raji0 Field guide to Nigerian freshwater fishes. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigeria. 106 p. (Ref. 31256) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Coleman, R.0 Cichlid egg size data. Cichlid Research homepage. (http://www.cichlidresearch.com/) (Ref. 42048) Bassleer, G.0 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Vivien, J.0 Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et poissons. GICAM et Ministère de la Coopération et du Développement, Yaoundé/Paris. 271 p. (Ref. 51193) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF)0 Gutachten über Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Zierfischen (Süßwasser). Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF), Bonn, Germany. 16 p. (Ref. 51539) Lamboj, A.0 The cichlid fishes of Western Africa. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. 255 p. (Ref. 52307) Mdaihli, M., T. du Feu and J.S.O. Ayeni0 Fisheries in the southern border zone of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. p. 141-154. In J.A. Comiskey and T.C.H. Sunderland (eds). Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African forest. SI/MAB Ser. 8. 182 p. (Ref. 52397) Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 521-600. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 815p. (Ref. 53405) Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 520-600. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57398) BFAR0 List of ornamental fish species introduced to the Philippines through NAIA. Unpublished. (Ref. 57864) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Stiassny, M.L.J., A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt and G.G. Teugels0 Cichlidae. p. 269-403. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 42. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 603p. (Ref. 81260) Castelo, R.0 Biogeographical considerations of fish diversity in Bioko. Biodiversity and Conservation 3:808-827. (Ref. 95602) Moritz, T.0 Fishes of Iguidi River - a small forest stream in south-east Benin. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 21(1):9-26. (Ref. 97577) Lamboj, A., D. Bartel and E. Dell'Ampio0 Revision of the <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i>-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon <i>Pelvicachromis kribensis</i> (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species. Cybium 38(3):205-222. (Ref. 97630) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) FB-GeneralDescr-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-02-18 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Cave-spawning, substrate brooder (Ref. 81260). Aquarium keeping: in pairs; minimum aquarium size 80 cm (Ref. 51539). Daget, J. 1991 Pelvicachromis. p. 363-366. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5677) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2008-11-19 20:01:45 2016-10-03 19:27:31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Diagnosis: A moderately gracile species, with rounded head and well-developed sexual dimorphism and dichromatism (Ref. 97630). It differs from all congeners by a coloration in male caudal fin with a white to yellow upper half of this fin, having a number of black dots in the dorsal half, without any margin, and a black margin with a white to pale bluish submargin in the lower half of this fin, vs. no margin/submargin in lower half of this fin in all congeners with exception of Pelvicachromis drachenfelsi and a white margin and black submargin in upper half of caudal fin in P. drachenfelsi (Ref. 97630). Females differ from females of P. drachenfelsi and P. kribensis in having two or three horizontal dark bars in the caudal fin, vs. none in P. drachenfelsi and one in some populations of P. kribensis (Ref. 97630). It differs from P. drachenfelsi in a caudal peduncle shorter then deep, vs. usually longer then deep; it differs from P. humilis, P. rubrolabiatus and P. signatus in absence of seven-eight dark, vertical bars on bodyand in three tubular infraorbital bones vs. two; it differs from P. silviae in lesser body depth, 29.9-36.4% of standard length vs. 37.4-43.0%, shorter preanal distance, 62.8-66.7% of standard length vs. 66.2-69.8%, shorter prepelvic distance, 36.0-37.5% of standard length vs. 36.9-39.8%, and more spines in dorsal fin, 17-18 vs. 14-16; it differs from P. subocellatus in lesser body depth in males in lappet-like elongation of some rays of caudal fin vs. no such elongation; it differs from P. roloffi in greater caudal peduncle length, 12.4-14.1% of standard length vs. 9.4-12.2%, and more pored scales of lateral-line, 26-28 vs. 24-26; it differs from P. sacrimontis in shorter interorbital distance, 21.4-26.8% of head length vs. 29.4-45.3%; it differs from P. pulcher in shorter preorbital distance, 18.6-21.2% of head length vs. 21.0-33.8%, and in rows of dots in the central field and lower part of the male caudal fin, vs. absence (Ref. 97630).Description: Small cichlid species with body moderately gracile, dorsal head profile rounded and short snout; ventral body wall gently rounded toward caudal peduncle, more rounded in ripe and gravid females; caudal fin rounded (Ref. 53405, 97630). Caudal peduncle shorter than deep (Ref. 97630). Infraorbital bone series with lachrymal and three additional tubular bones and a gap between 2nd and 3rd tubular infraorbital; lachrymal with four openings of laterosensory system (Ref. 97630). Premaxilla with 1 or more often 2 rows, dentary with 2 rows of regularly set unicuspid teeth; anteriorly in the lower jaw a few teeth orientated posteriorly, not buccaly; lower pharyngeal bone triangular, with unicuspid to weakly bicuspid teeth on lateral parts of this bone, and asymmetric bicuspid teeth in the central field (Ref. 97630). Gill rakers on first gill arch; 9 to 10 tuberculate gill rakers on ceratobranchials, 5 or 6 pointed gill rakers on epibranchials; well-developed hanging pad on roof of pharynx (Ref. 97630). Cycloid scales; 2 or 3 rows of scales on cheek; 4 horizontal rows on opercle; dark spot on outer edge of opercle unscaled; chest-scales smaller than body scales, 3 or 4 scales between pectoral and pelvic fins; upper lateral-line separated from dorsal-fin base anteriorly by two and a half to three and a half scales, at the 8th pored scale by one or one and a half scales, and at last pored scale by a half or one scale; end of upper lateral-line never overlapping lower lateral-line, usually separated from beginning of lower lateral-line by no to two rows of scales; about 1/5 to 1/4 of caudal fin covered with scales, all other fins unscaled (Ref. 97630).Colouration: Live specimens of both sexes: head and body pale brown to greyish brown; dorsum somewhat darker than ventrum; dark scaleless spot on outer edge of opercle, with a pale iridescent blue margin on anterior and posterior edge; upper lip yellow to orange-brown, lower lip greyish to yellow; throat and ventral parts of branchiostegal membranes pale yellow, more prominent in dominant specimens (Ref. 97630). Dark longitudinal stripe sometimes visible on sides, at about height of lower lateral-line, from posterior edge of eye to end of caudal peduncle, but not extending onto caudal fin in males, extending onto caudal fin in females; dark stripe over upper lip, proceeding to a dark stripe from posterior end of upper lip to anterior edge of eye; eye silver to golden-yellow, with red colouration on most upper parts in adult specimens; dark yellow to red horizontal stripe from angle of the mouth to anterior edge of preopercular, bordered dorsally by a thin pale bluish to turquoise line in some specimens; pectoral fin clear to pale yellow (Ref. 97630). Male-specific colouration: dorsal fin with red margin, followed by a white to yellow submargin in most specimens; spines light blue, interspinous membranes red, membrane of soft dorsal fin red with numerous light blue maculae; most caudal parts of this fin with some pale bluish maculae; upper half of caudal fin white to yellow, with 3-12 dark dots; lower half of this fin with black margin and white to yellow submargin; central field of this fin reddish with 4-8 rows of blue maculae; anal fin red to bluish-violet, with dark margin, and some pale bluish maculae in most posteriormost parts; leading edge of pelvic fins black to dark blue, followed by a thin blue line, and red colouration over 1 or 2 rays, posteriormost part of this fin greyish; body scales with dark margins; most ventral parts of opercle, subopercle, interopercle and chest pale greenish to bright yellow, in some specimens lower caudal body parts with some reddish colouration (Ref. 97630). Female-specific colouration: dorsal fin iridescent yellow, with black margin and whitish to bluish submargin in most parts; black margin broadest on first 1 or 2 spines, reaching from tip down to base of dorsal fin, continuously narrowing toward posterior parts and absent on last 2 or 3 rays; one or two black dots in soft ray part of this fin in some individuals; caudal fin yellow, with dark grey to blackish margin and 1-3 horizontal dark bars, most prominent one these in middle of fin, extending from dark midlateral band; upper half of this fin with 1-3 black dots in some individuals; anal fin whitish to pale yellow or pale blue, with blackish margin on outer edge; anterior edge of pelvic fins dark blue to black, other parts of this fin red to dark violet; lower parts of opercle, subopercle and interopercle whitish to yellow, chest whitish; flanks and belly region, up to about middle of the body but usually not touching midlateral band, wine red; parts between dark midlateral band and dark dorsum whitish to pale yellow; caudal and anterior dorsal body parts pale blue, as are parts between red belly and midlateral band (Ref. 97630). Juveniles of both sexes exhibit a pattern of 2 or 3 rows of irregular dark spots on brown colouration, up to about 10-12 mm standard length; with increasing size, sex-specific colouration is seen (Ref. 97630). Lamboj, A., D. Bartel and E. Dell'Ampio 2014 Revision of the <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i>-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon <i>Pelvicachromis kribensis</i> (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species. Cybium 38(3):205-222. (Ref. 97630) FB-Morphology-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2008-11-19 20:01:45 2016-10-03 19:27:31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 17 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 8 Lamboj, A., D. Bartel and E. Dell'Ampio 2014 Revision of the <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i>-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon <i>Pelvicachromis kribensis</i> (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species. Cybium 38(3):205-222. (Ref. 97630) FB-Distribution-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-02-18 00:00:00 2017-08-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Africa: from east Benin to Nigeria, restricted to freshwater parts of regions near the coast (Ref. 97630), including the Niger delta (Ref. 53405). Reports from Cameroon and Bioko (Ref. 81260) belong to Pelvicachromis kribensis (Ref. 97630). Lamboj, A., D. Bartel and E. Dell'Ampio 2014 Revision of the <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i>-group (Perciformes), with revalidation of the taxon <i>Pelvicachromis kribensis</i> (Boulenger, 1911) and description of a new species. Cybium 38(3):205-222. (Ref. 97630) FB-Uses-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-02-18 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Petrovicky, I. 1988 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. (Ref. 7319) Petrovicky, I. 1988 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. (Ref. 7319) FB-LifeCycle-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1994-02-18 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8799&StockCode=9120 Spawns in caves. Eggs may be deposited in niches and crevices as well as below roots, pieces of bark and larger leaves (Ref. 89992). Paulo, J. 1995 Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie westafrikanischer Höhlenbrüter am Beispiel von <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i> (Boulenger, 1901) (Cichlidae). p. 225-232. In H. Greven and R. Riehl (eds.) Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Aquarienfische. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. (Ref. 26488) FB-Size-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-02-18 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 7.1 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 81260)) Stiassny, M.L.J., A. Lamboj, D. De Weirdt and G.G. Teugels 2008 Cichlidae. p. 269-403. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 42. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 603p. (Ref. 81260) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-8799-733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-09-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8799&StockCode=9120 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. FB-Diseases-8799-153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-10-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8799&StockCode=9120 Fin Rot (early stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. FB-Diseases-8799-6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-22 00:00:00 2003-10-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8799&StockCode=9120 Fin-rot Disease (late stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. FB-Diseases-8799-1167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-11-12 00:00:00 2003-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=8799&StockCode=9120 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Injuries caused by transport. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Habitat-8799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-02-18 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8799 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 12