FB-97 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=97 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Scombriformes Scombridae Euthynnus Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) Tulingan puti Chesodm Kavalau Soda Zardeh Tunek wschodni Atum Merma Merma-oriental Oostelike kleintuna Fatla Haida Jibab Kababa Ma'agub Sadah Shewa Sharwa Taban Burawon Purupondahan Tulingang puti Barilis Boga-ongon Hasa-hasa Timbongan Tulingan Kachug apaka Lille tun Lille thunnin Falscher Bonito Gefleckter Thunfisch Black skipjack Black skipjack tuna Bonito Diverg-bonito Dwarf bonito Eastern little tuna False albacore Island bonito Island skipjack Jack mackerel Kawa kawa Kawakawa Lesser bonito Little tuna Little tunny Mackerel tuna Oceanic bonito Tuna Wavy-back skipjack Yaito bonito Tähniline väiketuun Yatu Bonite Bonite à dos rayé Bonite d'Inde Petit thon Thonine Thonine orientale Gedar ગેદર  Kawa kawa kina'u Kawakawa Poho poho Anturayan Bantala-an Tonnetto orientale Hiragatsuo Obosogatsuo Soda Soda katsuo Suma Bokado 점다랑어 Makurul Loj Choora ചൂര ചൂര  ചൂവ  ചൂവ   Bugudi Chuki Gedar Kuppa Ohaman कुपा गिदाई गिदार बुगुदी Ambu-ambu Aya Aya kurik Bakulan Bangalak Choreng Coreng Ikan ayer Kayu Kebal mas Kembel mas Kembel-mas Mangkok Mangkok-mangkok Panit (Sabah) Semambu Sembak Tombal-mas Tombol mas Tongkok kurik Tongkol Tongkol komo Tongkol kurik Angoho Angoz Bonite Lamatra Vohy Malyj tunets Pyatinstyj indo-tikhookeanskyj tunets Luc Atualo Kavalau Jaydar-dhiiglow Jeidha Maba'di Jodari Sehewa Kawakawa Ostlig liten bonit 'Otava Choori-min Shurai Suraimin Surally Suraly சுரளீ  சுரளீ   சுரளி சுராமீன்  சுராமீன்   சோரி மீன் సోరా Katsarita Katsorita Katsot Reado Tambacol Tulingan Tulingan puti Using Yazil orkinos Yazili Боніто Тунець малий східний Cá Ngừ chấm Cá ngùr Dài-loan Bacoreta Bacoreta oriental Bonito Aloy Angoa Angoho Atavalla Asil leu Asi-lei Attawalla Atu pari longa Bangkolisan Bansikol Belonary Bonit Bonit fol Bonite la côte Bonite mackerel Bugaongon Buga-ongon Bulis Cakala biru Dawic Diodary Dodrary Dwergtonijn Kababida Kakasi Kasareta fatuk Kayu Kwamêrîîjii Kwamêrûjü Latti Lattichoora Mangko Manko Mbasi mitinbu Minanga Nyatsibwe Pagadparon Panit Pidlayan Pirit Pouere panga Ragodura Ragoduva Saba Saliana babalona Sembak Sobad Subad Sureya Talingay Tangi Te atiuaro Te autualo Timphik Tongkol Tongkol gepeng Tongkol komo Turingah Turingan Vzhodni pegasti tun Yásinnéy Yasiuneiu-yauma 三点仔 倒串 巴鰹 巴鲣 To chung 烟仔 煙仔虎 白卜鮪 白卜鲔 鲲 鮪 鲔 Euthunnus affinis affinis (Cantor, 1849) Euthunnus affinis yaito Kishinouye, 1915 Euthunnus alleteratus affinis (Cantor, 1849) Euthunnus wallisi (Whitley, 1937) Euthunnus yaito Kishinouye, 1915 Euthynnus affinis yaito Kishinouye, 1915 Euthynnus alletteratus (non Rafinesque, 1810) Euthynnus alletteratus affinis (Cantor, 1849) Euthynnus yaito Kishinouye, 1915 Euthynus affinis (Cantor, 1849) Evrythynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) Thynnus affinis Cantor, 1849 Wanderer wallisi Whitley, 1937 1990-10-17 2019-12-18 Papasissi, C.0 A contribution to the study of the biology of the ichthyoplankton in the Gulf of Kissamos (N.W. 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Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-96-5807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-09-24 1996-04-02 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Euaff_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Euaff_u1.gif FB-pic-96-10341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Euaff_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Euaff_u0.gif FB-pic-96-21074 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-21 2002-09-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats market; 1 kg http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Euaff_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Euaff_u0.jpg FB-pic-96-21075 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-21 2008-07-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Euaff_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Euaff_u1.jpg FB-pic-96-21076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-21 2000-09-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Euaff_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Euaff_u2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Occurs in open waters but always remains close to the shoreline. The young may enter bays and harbors. Forms multi-species schools by size with other scombrid species comprising from 100 to over 5,000 individuals. A highly opportunistic predator feeding indiscriminately on small fishes, especially on clupeoids and atherinids; also on squids, crustaceans and zooplankton. Caught in multispecies fisheries, mainly by surface trolling; also with gill nets. Generally marketed canned and frozen; also utilized dried, salted, smoked and fresh (Ref. 9684). Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-DiagnosticDescr-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution This species is distinguished by the following characters: medium-sized fish with a robust, elongate and fusiform body; teeth small and conical, in a single series; total gill rakers on first gill arch 29-34; D1 XI-XIV with both dorsal fins separated by only a narrow interspace (not wider than eye), anterior spines of first fin much higher than those midway, giving fin a strongly concave outline; D2 much lower than first and followed by 8-10 finlets; anal fin followed by 6-8 finlets; pectoral fins short, never reaching interspace between dorsal fins; 2 flaps (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins; very slender caudal peduncle with a prominent lateral keel between 2 small keels at base of caudal fin; body naked except for corselet and lateral line. Colour of back dark blue with a complicated striped pattern which does not extend forward beyond middle of first dorsal fin; lower sides and belly silvery white; several characteristic dark spots between pelvic and pectoral fins (but may not always be present) (Ref. 9684, 90102).Description: Swim bladder absent; no trace of vertebral protuberances; dorsal rays X-XV+11-15+8-10 finlets; anal rays 11-15+6-8 finlets; pectoral rays 25-29; maxilla extending posterior to middle of eye; jaw teeth are small and conical, about 25-35 on each side of lower jaw; presence of palatine teeth, none on vomer (Ref. 90102). Collette, B.B. 2001 Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). p. 3721-3756. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9684) FB-Morphology-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 15; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 15; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 11 - 15; Vertebrae: 39 Collette, B.B. 2001 Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). p. 3721-3756. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9684) FB-Distribution-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Indo-West Pacific: in warm waters including oceanic islands and archipelagos. A few stray specimens have been collected in the Eastern Central Pacific. Highly migratory. Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Uses-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. United Nations 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982. United Nations. Retrieved on June 30, 2004, from http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm (Ref. 71039) FB-TrophicStrategy-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2024-02-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public affinis Like other scombrids, E. affinis tend to form multispecies schools by size especially with small T. albacares, K. pelamis, Auxis sp. and M. cordyla comprising from 100 to over 5,000 individuals (Also Ref. 9773). But during certain periods of the year, there is a tendency for the fish to remain scattered (Ref. 168). Kawakawa is piscivorous. Most important prey items of the immature smaller E. affinis were the larval anchovy and lanternfish while the matured fish Decapterus spp and Scomber australicus (Ref. 53677). A strong swimmer and a highly migratory species (Ref. 128523). Epipelagic. Feeds on small pelagic fishes, squids and large planktonic organisms (Ref. 9773). Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Size-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 100.0 cm FL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 168)); max. published weight: 14.0 kg (Ref. 30874); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 121508) Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1988 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) Mann, B. 2013 Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Special Publication, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. (Ref. 121508) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-96-168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-07-24 00:00:00 2002-07-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=96&StockCode=110 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Anisakis Disease (juvenile). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-96-244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-10-18 00:00:00 2004-10-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=96&StockCode=110 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Caligus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Lin, C.-L. and J.-s. Ho 2002 Two species of siphonostomatoid copepods parasitic on pelagic fishes in Taiwan. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 29(4):313-332. (Ref. 48562) FB-Diseases-96-596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-12 00:00:00 2002-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=96&StockCode=110 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Lecithochirium Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-96-598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-12 00:00:00 2002-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=96&StockCode=110 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Prosorhynchoides Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-96-599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-12 00:00:00 2002-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=96&StockCode=110 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Spinitectus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Habitat-96 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=96 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 71039); marine; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54439) United Nations 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982. United Nations. Retrieved on June 30, 2004, from http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm (Ref. 71039) FAO-FIGIS 2005 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Ethynnus affinis. Retrieved on 30 May 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=3294. 2p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54439)