Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 200 m, usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 72°N - 43°N, 26°W - 45°E (Ref. 54592)
Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to the White Sea and off Iceland.
東北大西洋: 比斯開灣到白海與外海的冰島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 29.3, range 20 - 30 cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9988); 最大体重: 3.0 kg (Ref. 6112); 最大年龄: 23 年 (Ref. 6112)
Small head and mouth. Body is oval. Skin is marbled and smooth. Lateral line almost straight, slight curve above the pectoral fin (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
小的头部与嘴。 身体是椭圆形。 皮肤被有大理石花纹而且平滑的。 侧线在胸鳍上面的几乎直又轻微的弯曲.(参考文献 35388)
Lives most often on stony bottoms. Feeds on a variety of small invertebrates, but polychaetes seem to dominate. Apparently they do not feed in wintertime (Ref. 9900). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
在多石底部上最时常住。 吃多种小型无脊椎动物，但是多毛类动物似乎占优势。 显然地它们不在冬季中觅食。 (参考文献 9900) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning is mainly confined to depths of 55-91 m in the northwestern North Sea and commences at a minimum temperature of 6.5 °C in Scottish waters. Sex ratio is about 1:1, but females progressively predominate upon sexual maturity. 東北大西洋: 比斯開灣到白海與外海的冰島。
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 7.1 - 12.5, mean 9.9 °C (based on 1310 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00591 - 0.00930), b=3.09 (3.02 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.2 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.08-0.42; tm=3-6; tmax=23; Fec=19,680).
Prior r = 0.71, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.07, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.4 [11.3, 39.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.134, 0.434] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.301 [0.150, 0.610] g/100g; Selenium = 18.1 [9.7, 37.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.6 [1.8, 30.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.377 [0.264, 0.576] mg/100g (wet weight);
