Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Greenland halibut : fisheries, gamefish

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Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)

Greenland halibut
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Reinhardtius hippoglossoides   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Greenland halibut)
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
Picture by Dolgov, A.

Common names from other countries

Flétan noir, Fletán negro, Палтус черный (=палтус гренландский), ... more

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Reinhardtius: Because of Johannes Christopher H. Reinhardt, Danish zoologist, studied under Vahl and Cuvier, professor in Kobanhavn in 1813 (1776-1845) (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt (1778–1845) was a Norwegian zoologist who became Professor of Zoology (1814) at the University of Copenhagen. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range Ecologia

marino benthopelagico; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 2200 m (Ref. 108960), usually 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 6263). Boreal; -1°C - 4°C (Ref. 43586); 79°N - 33°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54862)

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Circumglobal: In arctic and temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Sea of Japan off Honshu north to Shishmaref, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and southeast to northern Baja California, Mexico. North Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Spitsbergen (Svalbard Islands) and the Barents Sea south to Ireland. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturità: Lm 63.5, range 65 - 80 cm
Max length : 110 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 80637); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 56.0 cm FL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 55110); peso massimo pubblicato: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); peso massimo pubblicato: 7.0 kg; Età massima riportata: 36 anni (Ref. 117245)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 83 - 108; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 62 - 79; Vertebre: 60 - 64. Dorsal origin behind posterior edge of upper eye. Caudal slightly forked to truncate. Pectorals small.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Adults prefer bottom temperatures of -0.5°C to 6.0°C (Ref. 5951). Epibenthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed and fried (Ref. 9988). Size of the Greenland halibut collected from 400-599 m deep in eastern Bering Sea, ranged from 9 to 99 cm FL with a mean of 56 cm (Ref. 55110).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve

Fertilized eggs develop in approximately 50 days. Larvae are pelagic with a maximum size of 8 cm and will drift for about 4 months before settling at about 7 cm on clay-silt subtrates at depths of 300-450 m, after which they metamorphose (Ref. 117245).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaboratori

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Near Threatened (NT) (A4bcd); Date assessed: 24 February 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
FAO - pesca: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Informazioni ulteriori

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Alimentazione
Consumo di cibo
Food rations
Predatori
Ecologia
Ecologia
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Distribuzione
Stati
Aree FAO
Ecosystems
Presenze
Introduzioni
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Area branchiale
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetica
Genome
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Ereditarietà
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Collaboratori
Taxonomy
Nomi Comuni
Sinonimi
Morfologia
Morfometria
Immagini
Bibliografia
Bibliografia

Strumenti

E-book | Giuda pratica | Chiavi di identificazione | Generatore frequenze di lunghezza | Strumento Parametri Biologici | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Nomi Comuni | Photos

Fonti Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genere, Specie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pesca: landings, species profile; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Database Nazionali | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, ricerca | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio. 123201): 0.5 - 4.2, mean 3 °C (based on 361 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00291 - 0.00453), b=3.19 (3.12 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio. 69278):  4.4   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 12.2 (11.0 - 15.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179):  Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.07-0.10; tm=7-12; tmax=30; Fec=6,800).
Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.39, Based on 13 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 6.69 [3.30, 13.54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.117 [0.062, 0.270] mg/100g; Protein = 15 [13, 17] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.104, 0.631] g/100g; Selenium = 44.6 [20.3, 101.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [3.9, 85.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.308 [0.204, 0.448] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.