Boreogadus saida, Polar cod : fisheries

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Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)

Polar cod
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Boreogadus saida   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Boreogadus saida
Picture by Dolgov, A.

Russian Federation country information

Common names: Polar cod, Polyarnaya treska, Saika
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Morrow, J.E., 1980
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Migrates inshore to spawn. Forms large aggregations in the coastal waters and river mouths (Northern Dvina, Pesha and Indiga river (Ref. 26334). The commercial catch mostly used for animal food (Ref. 27547). Also Ref. 1371, 6793, 123027. Barents, Pechora, Kara, Leptev and East-Siberian seas (Ref. 117985).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Morue polaire, Bacalao polar, Сайка (=полярная тресочка), ... more

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Boreogadus: Greek, boreas = north wind + Latin, gadus = a fish, cod? (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 12074); गहराई सीमा 0 - 1383 m (Ref. 58426), usually 0 - 400 m (Ref. 1371). Polar; -2°C - 8°C (Ref. 96379); 87°N - 52°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 1371)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | बिन्दु नक्शा | भूमिका | Faunafri

Circumpolar in the Arctic. North Atlantic: White Sea, Iceland, and southern Greenland into the Miramichi River, New Brunswick in Canada. North Pacific: Bering Sea to Cape Olyutorski, the Pribilof Islands, and Bristol Bay.

आकार / वज़न / Age

परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 1371); common length : 25.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 1371); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 7 वर्षो (Ref. 1371)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 42 - 57; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 33 - 44; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 49 - 57. Caudal fin deeply concave. Lower jaw slightly longer than upper jaw. Chin barbel very small. No lateral line pores on head. Scales small and embedded, not overlapping. Brownish along the back with many fine points; the sides and belly silvery; the fins dusky with pale margins (Ref. 1371).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Occurs in coastal habitats during summer and winter (Ref. 1371). Cryopelagic or epontic, from surface down to 1383 m (Ref. 58426). In the Beaufort Sea, it may also be found in brackish lagoons and in almost fresh water in river mouths (Ref. 1371). Although associated with the occurrence of ice (White Sea), it is present in ice-free near-shore waters (Alaska) (Ref. 1371). Onshore-offshore movements are associated with spawning and movements of the ice (Ref. 27547). Feeds mostly on epibenthic mysids, also amphipods, copepods and fishes (Ref. 1371). Also caught with mid-water trawls (Ref. 1371). Utilized as fishmeal and source of oil (Ref. 1371). Euryhaline and eurythermic.

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 101194). Fish move close inshore, often in large numbers to spawn (Ref. 27547).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

Not Evaluated 

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य
FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
संघटक आहार
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इंटरनेट स्रोत

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: वर्ग, प्रजाति | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | सार्वजनिक लजीवालय | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, खोज | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (संदर्भ 123201): -1.3 - 4, mean 0.2 °C (based on 1585 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00357 - 0.00585), b=3.16 (3.09 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ 69278):  3.1   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.9 (2.6 - 5.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11 growth studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ 120179):  माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.22; tm=2-5; Fec=30,000).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.43, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 29.7 [14.9, 76.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.406 [0.197, 0.920] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.0, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.269 [0.118, 0.607] g/100g; Selenium = 21.3 [7.3, 51.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.34 [1.69, 52.12] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.575 [0.351, 0.941] mg/100g (wet weight);