Mylopharyngodon piceus, Black carp : fisheries, aquaculture

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Related species
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  Mylopharyngodon
- Species in
  Xenocyprididae
- - Classification -
- Xenocyprididae
- Cypriniformes
- Teleostei
- Chordata
- Animalia

Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846)

Black carp

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Mylopharyngodon piceus
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Mylopharyngodon: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, pharynx = throat + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Richardson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; brackish; demersal; pH range: 7.5 - 8.5; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 5 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 40°C (Ref. 55930); 53°N - 15°N, 100°E - 140°E (Ref. 55930)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Asia: Amur river basin to southern China (Ref. 55930). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 44416). Persists only in Europe by stocking or accidental releases; native stocks in Russia have declined sharply (Ref. 59043). Several countries reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 91.5, range 100 - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637); common length : 12.2 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35840); max. published weight: 35.0 kg (Ref. 56557); max. reported age: 13 years (Ref. 55930)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 9; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 8 - 10. Anatomy of the pharyngeal apparatus is the main distinguishing characteristic; throat teeth typically form a single row of 4-5 large molariform teeth on each of the two arches, with formula typically 1,4 - 4,1.

Adults inhabit large lowland rivers and lakes, preferably with clear water and high oxygen concentrations. Larvae feed on zooplankton, then on ostracods and aquatic insects. At about 120 mm SL, juveniles start to prey on small snails and clams while larger juveniles and adults feed almost entirely on molluscs. Undertake upriver migration and spawns in open waters. Deposit pelagic or semipelagic eggs which hatch while drifting downstream. Larvae settle into floodplain lakes and channels with little or no current (Ref. 59043). Maximum age probably exceeds 15 years; the figure of 20 years is not supported by data (Ref. 55930).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Prewspawning adults migrate upstream in spring - early summer; spawning takes place in turbulent waters; eggs are pelagic and drift downstream and larvae enter nursery areas such as flood plains or backwater habitats; main river channel is used as feeding and wintering area by subadults and adults.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks, 2005. Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 April 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Potential pest (Ref. 74657)

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial

FAO - Aquaculture systems: production; Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution
Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith

Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability

Human related
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Aquaculture profiles
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

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Taxonomy
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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00779 - 0.01068), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.44 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.08-0.09; tm=3-9; tmax >13; Fec=1,000,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 73 [39, 113] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.72, 1.80] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [18.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.335 [0.177, 0.670] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.8, 64.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.37 [2.88, 20.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.713 [0.531, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight);

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