分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 7.5 - 8.5; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). 亚热带的; 0°C - 40°C (Ref. 55930); 53°N - 15°N, 100°E - 140°E (Ref. 55930)
Asia: Amur river basin to southern China (Ref. 55930). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 44416). Persists only in Europe by stocking or accidental releases; native stocks in Russia have declined sharply (Ref. 59043). Several countries reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.
亚洲: 阿穆尔河流域到中国南部。 贸易在德国限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV). 一些国家报告引入后的不利的生态冲击。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 91.5, range 100 - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 12.2 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 35840); 最大体重: 35.0 kg (Ref. 56557); 最大年龄: 13 年 (Ref. 55930)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 7 - 9; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Anatomy of the pharyngeal apparatus is the main distinguishing characteristic; throat teeth typically form a single row of 4-5 large molariform teeth on each of the two arches, with formula typically 1,4 - 4,1.
咽器官的剖析是主要的有区别的特性; 咽喉齿典型地形成一个单列的 4-5 大的臼齿型牙齿在每一个两者弓, 藉由公式典型地 1,4- 4,1.
Adults inhabit large lowland rivers and lakes, preferably with clear water and high oxygen concentrations. Larvae feed on zooplankton, then on ostracods and aquatic insects. At about 120 mm SL, juveniles start to prey on small snails and clams while larger juveniles and adults feed almost entirely on molluscs. Undertake upriver migration and spawns in open waters. Deposit pelagic or semipelagic eggs which hatch while drifting downstream. Larvae settle into floodplain lakes and channels with little or no current (Ref. 59043). Maximum age probably exceeds 15 years; the figure of 20 years is not supported by data (Ref. 55930).
栖息于河。 (参考文献 9987) 主要吃贻贝与蜗牛, 也吃水生昆虫与甲壳动物。 在实验下面对于在美国的水产业.(参考文献 4537) 最大的年龄可能超过 15 年; 20 年的数字不被由数据支撑。 (参考文献 55930) 求偶的雄鱼有头部与背鳍上繁殖小瘤。
Prewspawning adults migrate upstream in spring - early summer; spawning takes place in turbulent waters; eggs are pelagic and drift downstream and larvae enter nursery areas such as flood plains or backwater habitats; main river channel is used as feeding and wintering area by subadults and adults.亚洲: 阿穆尔河流域到中国南部。 贸易在德国限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV). 一些国家报告引入后的不利的生态冲击。
Nico, L.G., J.D. Williams and H.L. Jelks, 2005. Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 337 p. (Ref. 55930)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00777 - 0.01070), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.08-0.09; tm=3-9; tmax >13; Fec=1,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73 [39, 113] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.72, 1.80] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [18.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.335 [0.177, 0.670] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.8, 64.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.37 [2.88, 20.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.713 [0.531, 0.987] mg/100g (wet weight);
