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Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Malabar grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus malabaricus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Epinephelus malabaricus
Picture by De Vroe, J.
Pictures | Videos | Google image
Picture by De Vroe, J.
Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología
marino; salobre asociado a arrecife; anfidromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - 150 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 30°N - 32°S, 29°E - 173°W (Ref. 5222)
Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Tonga, north to Japan, south to Australia. It is not known from the Persian Gulf, where the closely related Epinephelus coioides is common.
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 64.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 234 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5213); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5213); peso máximo publicado: 150.0 kg (Ref. 9710)
Max length : 234 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5213); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5213); peso máximo publicado: 150.0 kg (Ref. 9710)
Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría
Espinas dorsales (total) : 11; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 14 - 16; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 8. Characterized by light grey to yellowish brown color; five slightly oblique dark brown bars that bifurcate ventrally; numerous small black spots and blotches in head and body; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid anterodorsally on body, thorax and abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 3.0-3.6 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins, 2.0-2.6 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; snout length 1.7-2.0 times in upper jaw length; interorbital width 4.5-6.5 times in HL and 2.1-3.0 times in upper jaw length; flat or slightly convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at the angle; almost straight upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils, except in large adults which have the posterior nostrils slightly larger; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of orbit, maxilla width 4.5-6.5% of SL; upper jaw length 17-22% of SL, 2-5 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
A common species found in a variety of habitats: coral and rocky reefs, tide pools, estuaries, mangrove swamps and sandy or mud bottom from shore to depths of 150 m. Solitary (Ref 90102). Juveniles found near shore and in estuaries; sex reversal probable; catch statistics poor being previously confused with E. andersoni (Ref. 4332). Feed primarily on fishes and crustaceans, and occasionally on cephalopods (Ref. 9710). Present in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Widely used in mariculture mainly in the Far East (Ref. 43448).
Life cycle and mating behavior Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Main reference
Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 November 2016
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si
FAO - Aquaculture systems: producción; ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Más información
Trophic ecology
componentes alimenticios
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Food rations
Despredadores
componentes alimenticios
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Food rations
Despredadores
Population dynamics
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamiento
Abundancia
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamiento
Abundancia
Life cycle
Reproducción
Madurez
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Spawning aggregations
Huevos
Egg development
Larva
Dinámica larvaria
Reproducción
Madurez
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Spawning aggregations
Huevos
Egg development
Larva
Dinámica larvaria
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genética
Heterozygosity
heritabilidad
Genética
Heterozygosity
heritabilidad
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Perfiles de acuicultura
Razas
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Perfiles de acuicultura
Razas
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Herramientas
Bio-Quiz | E-book | Guía de campo | Claves de identificación | Asistente para frecuencias de tallas | Herramienta de ciclo de vida | Mapa de puntos | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Special reports
Download XML
Fuentes de Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Especie | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Aquaculture systems: producción; ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de datos nacionales | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Acuarios públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Árbol de la vida | Wikipedia: Go, búsqueda | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Expediente Zoológico
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2428 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00803 - 0.01885), b=3.05 (2.93 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (Fec = 51,087).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 16.4 [6.8, 35.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.497 [0.220, 1.121] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.9, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.129 [0.065, 0.254] g/100g; Selenium = 75.1 [32.6, 184.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33.9 [6.3, 185.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.838 [0.516, 1.355] mg/100g (wet weight);