Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; نطاق العمق 0 - 100 m. Tropical; 44°N - 14°N, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Central Atlantic: Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Also reported from Lebanon in the eastern Mediterranean. Its exact distribution and abundance are unknown because most published records do not separate it from Sphyraena sphyraena. Also in Azores Islands (Ref. 44330).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 128 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 40637); common length : 40.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 11101); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 8.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Body slender, fusiform with conical, hydrodynamical snout. Mouth long, with low protractile capacity and with prognatic lower jaw, has two rows of long canine-like teeth. Has no scale on preoperculum. Upper half of body has numerous vertical dark bands extending below the lateral line in the anterior part of the flanks (Ref. 44330).
Its habits are probably similar to those of the phylogenetically closely related Sphyraena sphyraena (Ref. 6949). Feeds on cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes. Caught in trammel nets and beach seines (Ref. 11101).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
De Sylva, D.P., 1990. Sphyraenidae. p. 860-864. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6949)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.09 - 21.5475, mean 18.83 °C (based on 230 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00339 - 0.01546), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 12.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.6 [14.0, 87.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.551 [0.256, 1.217] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.059, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 52.3 [20.6, 141.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [2.3, 74.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.508 [0.306, 0.883] mg/100g (wet weight);
