محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 2 - 50 m (Ref. 9680), usually 3 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 35°N - 31°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55213)
Circumtropical. Eastern Pacific: San Diego, California, USA to Chile, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 37955). Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Massachusetts (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: 30°N to 23°S (Ref. 6951). Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea to Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius (Ref. 33390). The reports in the Mediterranean Sea are doubtful (Ref. 50345).
اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 2850); common length : 40.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 26999); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 2.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 14 - 17; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 14 - 16. Body robust; teeth united in each jaw but without a central division; body covered with long, sharp spines, folded backwards when body not inflated; 16 to 20 spines between snout and dorsal fin; dorsal region of caudal peduncle spiny; back, flanks and fins light brown with numerous dark spots; belly spiny (Ref. 55763). Spines long. Body grayish tan, with small black spots, but no large dark blotches. Belly white, surrounded by dusky ring (Ref. 26938). About 20 spines in an approximate row between snout and dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Occur in lagoon and seaward reefs to at least 50 m. Commonly seen in caves and holes in shallow reefs (Ref. 26938, 48637). Juveniles to about 20 cm are pelagic. Adults benthic (Ref. 30573). Solitary and nocturnal that feed on hard shelled invertebrates like sea urchins, gastropods, and hermit crabs (Ref. 9680). Generally common (Ref. 9710). Not normally used as food (Ref. 3717). Reached a life-span of 10 years and a length of 69 cm in the McGinty Aquarium (E. Dashiell, pers. comm 2004), suggesting a preliminary K=0.12.
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 4690)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
دمای ترجیحی (مرجع
123201): 23.3 - 29, mean 27.4 °C (based on 1822 cells).
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.08710 (0.04327 - 0.17531), b=2.77 (2.59 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (tmax>10; preliminary K=0.12).
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
🛈
مواد مغذی (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [6, 54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.538 [0.255, 1.321] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.2, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.078, 0.295] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [9.7, 53.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.8, 69.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.33, 0.84] mg/100g (wet weight);