Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 1 - 70 m (Ref. 58047), usually 2 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; 33°N - 35°S, 98°W - 19°E
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and southern Florida, USA to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola, including St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), Cape Verde, St. Helena and Ascension islands. One record from Cape of Good Hope, South Africa (Ref. 7320).
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 26999); common length : 25.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3632)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 3; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 23 - 25. Pale spots about the size of the pupil or smaller on body and some on dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. A solitary species (Ref. 26340) inhabiting shallow water on bottoms with eroded limestone or mixed sand and rocks, as well as around reefs. Often found lying motionless against rocks (Ref. 13121). Secretes copious mucus which makes its surface slimy and when disturbed the slime turns into a soapy foam. The mucus has been shown to contain a toxic protein (Ref. 3632). Nocturnal, frequently seen around the bases of coral colonies and near mouths of caves (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: निर्वाह मात्स्यिकी; जलजीवालय: व्यापारिक
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 708 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00451 - 0.02922), b=3.06 (2.84 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 42.1 [24.7, 79.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.521 [0.280, 0.880] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.161 [0.109, 0.241] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [18.7, 55.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 112 [39, 351] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.74, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
