分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Monacanthidae (Filefishes)
單棘魨科 (Filefishes)
Etymology: Aluterus: Name from Greek meaning not free or detached, referring to the pelvis that does not form a spiny project (as it does in triggerfish) (R. Chandler, pers. Comm. 10/2014)..
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 3 - 900 m (Ref. 3592), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 3592). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 27°S, 97°W - 13°E
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Canada), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Blanc, Mauritania to Angola (Ref. 3592).
西大西洋: 新斯科舍省 (加拿大) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西。 東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬到安哥拉.(參考文獻 3592)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3592)
背棘 (總數) : 2; 背的軟條 (總數) : 32 - 39; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 35 - 41. Pelvic terminus always absent; head and body with numerous small round orange or orange-yellow spots; lips often blackish (Ref. 13442).
腹鰭後棘突總是不存在; 頭部與身體有很多的小圓的橘色或橘黃色的斑點; 唇時常黑色的.(參考文獻 13442)
Usually found over bottoms with seagrass, sand, or mud (Ref. 3790). Juveniles are associated with floating Sargassum. Solitary or in pairs (Ref. 9710). Feeds on a variety of plants, including algae and seagrasses (Ref. 3790). Generally considered as trash fish, rarely consumed (Ref. 3790). Traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
用海草，沙子否則泥通常發現於底部之上。 (參考文獻 3790) 稚魚被伴隨著漂浮 馬尾藻 。 獨居性或成對.(參考文獻 9710) 吃多種植物, 包括藻類與海草。 (參考文獻 3790) 通常被當作下雜魚了, 很少地消費。 (參考文獻 3790) 在巴西的塞阿臘作為一個水族館魚交易了。 (參考文獻 49392)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 新斯科舍省 (加拿大) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西。 東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬到安哥拉.(參考文獻 3592)
Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Monacanthidae. p. 1061-1066. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3592)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 February 2014
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20 - 28, mean 25.6 °C (based on 842 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00943 - 0.04220), b=2.93 (2.75 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.4 [5.5, 43.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.24, 1.41] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [15.9, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.065, 0.358] g/100g; Selenium = 37 [14, 102] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [3.6, 108.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.785 [0.452, 1.359] mg/100g (wet weight);
