Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut batipelagis; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 3290 m (Ref. 50610). Deep-water; 55°N - 48°N
Eastern Pacific: British Columbia in Canada to central Baja California in Mexico.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2850)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8 - 13; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 26 - 33; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 82 - 91. Pectorals moderately long and narrow (Ref. 6885). Greenish brown above, silvery on sides and belly showing delicate iridescence (Ref. 6885). Branchiostegal rays: 8 (Ref. 35950).
Occur from near surface to bathypelagic depths. Feed mainly on small fishes but also takes small crustaceans and cephalopods (Ref. 6885). Predators include albacore, salmon, swordfish and lancetfish (Ref. 4525). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 35950).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan:
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.6 - 4.7, mean 3.3 °C (based on 21 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00224 (0.00091 - 0.00552), b=3.08 (2.86 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Assuming tmax>3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).