Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
морской ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 1 - 80 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 42°N - 35°S, 98°W - 28°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA, the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas southward to Uruguay. Occurrence in western Caribbean is doubtful (Ref. 26938).
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 12.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 7251); common length : 16.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 5217)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 10; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 12; колючие лучи анального плавника: 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 7 - 8. Body pale brown dorsally with several vertical dark brown bars, becoming white ventrally; dorsal fin dusky with longitudinal yellow lines; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins dusky; caudal fin dusky with small yellow blotches (Ref. 13608). Preopercle has spines radiating from 2 centers (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits bays, coastal grassy areas and shallow banks. Solitary (Ref. 26340) and retreats into shelter when frightened (Ref. 9710). Neither opercular spine nor anterolateral glandular grooves with venom gland is present (Ref. 57406). Synchronously hermaphroditic. Popular as a pan fish despite its small size.
Simultaenous hermaphrodite. The gonad contains ovarian and testicular tissue separated by a thin basement membrane, with no means of internal self-fertilization.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ссылка
123201): 21.9 - 28, mean 25.2 °C (based on 542 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00747 - 0.01114), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (ссылка
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (K=0.29-1.5; tm=1.01).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.5 [21.2, 110.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.416, 1.865] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.276 [0.136, 0.546] g/100g; Selenium = 21.5 [9.2, 50.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46.5 [12.7, 213.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.712 [0.414, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight);
