分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 9 - 180 m (Ref. 93252), usually 20 - 70 m (Ref. 27549). 溫帶; 46°N - 26°N, 82°W - 63°W
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia in Canada to northern Florida in the USA; rare north of Cape Cod in Massachusetts, USA.
西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大的新斯科舍省到佛羅里達北部; 麻薩諸塞州的科德角，美國稀有北方。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 22.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3822); 最大体重: 1.6 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 55523)
Occurs mainly on sand bottom from inshore estuaries to about 180 m depth. Found occasionally over reefs. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes. Used both for food and fish meal; other uses include for bait, pet food and fertilizer.
主要生存在来自近海河口到大约的砂质底部 180 公尺深。 偶然地在礁之上发现。 主要吃甲壳动物和鱼类。 使用过的由于食物与鱼粉; 其他的使用包括作为饵料生物, 宠物饲料与肥料。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous (Ref. 37799).西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大的新斯科舍省到佛羅里達北部; 麻薩諸塞州的科德角，美國稀有北方。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 诱饵: occasionally
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.4 - 24.6, mean 12.7 °C (based on 126 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00477 - 0.01264), b=2.95 (2.81 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.1 [5.7, 28.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.218 [0.107, 0.440] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.6, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.667 [0.277, 1.956] g/100g; Selenium = 8.88 [3.82, 21.53] μg/100g; VitaminA = 82.4 [24.8, 298.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.506 [0.331, 0.763] mg/100g (wet weight);
