分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游. 熱帶; 20°C - 30°C (Ref. 2059)
Asia: India.
亞洲: 印度與斯里蘭卡。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 83.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 123482); common length : 18.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 41236); 最大體重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 105756)
This species is mesopelagic, potadromous. Inhabits cool, fast flowing, rocky streams and rivers. Occurs in mountain lakes (Ref. 41236). Moves to upper reaches of small streams to spawn (Ref. 41236). Feeds on plants, insects, shrimps and mollusks. Can be cultured in ponds and lakes. Regarded to be of medicinal value. Known to grow over a meter and 45 kg in weight but have not been recorded in recent times (Ref. 41236).
棲息於冷的, 快速流動的, 岩石的溪流與河川。 出現於高山湖泊中。 (參考文獻 41236) 移動到小溪流到的上游產卵.(參考文獻 41236) 吃植物，昆蟲，蝦與軟體動物。 能在池塘與湖被養殖。 被視為為藥用價值。 已知生長超過一公尺與 45 公斤重但是有不在近期被記錄.(參考文獻 41236)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
亞洲: 印度與斯里蘭卡。
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 August 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00502 - 0.01510), b=3.02 (2.87 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.1 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
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