分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 6790), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 66°N - 27°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Morocco, Madeira and Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 6790). Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783).
東大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥，馬得拉群島與加納利群島, 包括地中海與黑海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 25.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 1.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Body elongate, length more than 6 times height. Greenish in upper parts, yellowish-white oblique stripes. Small 2-3 spines in front of each eye (Ref. 35388).
細長的身體, 倍高度的長度超過 6。 呈綠色的在上部中, 黃白色斜的斑紋。 在每個眼之前的小 2-3根棘.(參考文獻 35388)
On sandy, muddy or gravelly bottoms, from a few meters to about 150 m. Rest on the bottom, often buried with eyes and tip of first dorsal fin exposed (Ref. 9988). At night they swim around freely, even pelagically (Ref. 35388). Feed on small invertebrates and fishes; chiefly nocturnal. Oviparous, eggs and larval stages pelagic (Ref. 4675). There are dark markings along the scales; the anterior dorsal fin is black and contains venomous spines. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be pan-fried, broiled, boiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Spawning takes place in June and August, pelagic eggs are 1 mm (Ref. 35388). Also Ref. 57406.
在沙的﹐泥濘的或多碎石的底部上, 從幾公尺到大約 150 公尺。 停留在底部上, 時常埋藏眼睛與第一背鰭的頂端暴露在外.(參考文獻 9988) 他們自由地游泳在附近在晚上, 甚至大洋性。 (參考文獻 35388) 吃小型無脊椎動物與魚; 主要夜行。 卵生的，卵與幼魚時期大洋性。 有深色斑紋沿著鱗片; 前面的背鰭是黑色的而且包含有毒的棘。 生鮮使用與冷凍; 可能是油鍋炸的﹐火烤的﹐和煮沸而燒烤的。 (參考文獻 9988) 產卵發生於六月與八月, 大洋性的卵是 1 mm.(參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Oviparous, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).東大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥，馬得拉群島與加納利群島, 包括地中海與黑海。
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.7 - 18.7, mean 10.9 °C (based on 780 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00458 - 0.00691), b=3.05 (2.99 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.71 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.9 [20.3, 57.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.36 [0.23, 0.58] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.643 [0.399, 1.025] g/100g; Selenium = 13.2 [7.3, 25.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [7.7, 74.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.445 [0.328, 0.607] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
