分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 120 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 16°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 39°N - 35°S, 26°E - 134°W (Ref. 54571)
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Samoa and the Line Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. Has dispersed into the eastern Mediterranean (off Lebanon) via the Suez Canal but not well established there.
印度-西太平洋: 東非到美屬薩摩亞與列島群島, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。 經由蘇伊士運河進入地中海東部 (外海的黎巴嫩) 之內已經散佈但是不很好地在那裡建立。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 57.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3678); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 8.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 31 年 (Ref. 82366)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, greatest depth 2.3 - 2.7 in SL; preopercular notch poorly developed; vomerine tooth patch crescentic; gill rakers of first gill arch 6-8 + 9-12 = 16-20 (including rudiments); scale rows on back more or less parallel to lateral line, or parallel below spinous part of dorsal fin and sometimes rising obliquely posteriorly, or rarely with entirely oblique rows. Colour of the body generally greenish brown on back, grading to reddish; belly silvery or whitish (deep water specimens usually overall reddish); juveniles with a series of about 8 white and streaks 2 blue across cheeks (Ref. 9821, 90102).
前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤發展不良的。 鱗片列背面約略平行於側線, 或平行的在背鰭的刺狀部份之下與有時在後部地斜向上升, 或很少有完全斜的列。 通常綠褐色的背面, 漸層色到淡紅的在側邊與腹的部份上。 來自深水域的拖網標本時常是淡紅的有深色的鱗片中心與白色的鱗片邊緣, 提供網狀的外表。 稚魚有一系列的橫過頰的大約八個微白色的橫帶橫越側邊 , 與 1 或 2 藍色線。 L. argentimaculatus 用它的較長吻與截形尾部與更青銅色到呈綠色的顏色與 L. bohar 區分了。 (參考文獻 37816)
A euryhaline species (Ref. 12743). Juveniles and young adults occur in mangrove estuaries, the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 30573, 48635, 44894) and tidal creeks (Ref. 44894). Adults are often found in groups around coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Eventually migrate offshore to deeper reef areas, sometimes penetrating to depths in excess of 100 m. Mainly nocturnal, this species feeds mostly on fishes and crustaceans. Excellent food fish (Ref. 5484, 44894). An important market species throughout the Indo-Pacific region, but never found in large quantities. A good aquaculture species because it doesn’t get rancid easily when frozen (Ref. 47992). It commands a good export market price with no limit on body size (Ref. 47992). No reported damaging diseases (Ref. 47992). Found in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Caught mainly with handlines, bottom longlines, and trawls; marketed mostly fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9821). Maximum length is 104 cm, max weight 14.5 kg and max age 39 years for specimens from the east coast of Australia (pers. comm., Andrew McDougall, 2007).
一個廣鹽性種類.(參考文獻 12743) 稚魚與年輕的成魚出現在紅樹林河口，淡水溪流 (參考文獻 30573,48635,44894) 與潮汐的小溪下面範圍。 (參考文獻 44894) 成魚時常珊瑚礁的周圍是形成魚群。 (參考文獻 9710) 最後向外海移動到較深的礁區, 有時深入超過 100 公尺的深度。 主要夜行, 這種大部分捕食魚與甲殼動物。 優良的食用魚.(參考文獻 5484,44894) 一個重要的市場種在印度-太平洋的區域各處, 但是從不大量發現。 一個好養殖魚種因為它不會容易地腐臭何時冷凍.(參考文獻 47992) 它具有好輸出市場價格沒有身體大小的限制。 (參考文獻 47992) 沒有被報告的有害疾病.(參考文獻 47992) 發現於.香港活魚販售.(參考文獻 27253) 最大長度是 104 cm, 最大重量 14.5 公斤與最大 39 歲數年對於標本從澳洲東岸 (pers. comm。, 安德魯 McDougall, 2007).
印度-西太平洋: 東非到美屬薩摩亞與列島群島, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲。 經由蘇伊士運河進入地中海東部 (外海的黎巴嫩) 之內已經散佈但是不很好地在那裡建立。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2180 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01331 - 0.01721), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.76, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.7 [6.2, 19.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.299 [0.169, 0.563] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.9, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.182 [0.103, 0.321] g/100g; Selenium = 40.6 [19.2, 86.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 58.9 [10.1, 305.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.253 [0.175, 0.398] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
