分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
牙鮃科 (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (Ref. 26375). 亞熱帶的; 12°S - 54°S
Southwest Atlantic: Brazil. Does not occur in Argentina nor in Uruguay (Ref. 43588).
西南大西洋: 巴西。 不會出現在阿根廷也不在烏拉圭.(參考文獻 43588)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26375); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6077); 最大體重: 12.0 kg (Ref. 26375)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 68 - 86; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 52 - 67. Pectoral fins small, about two times head on ocular side, 2.7-3.0 time head on blind side. Pelvic fins about equal in size and shape on both sides. Caudal fin double truncate (Ref. 27363).
在有眼睛的一邊上的胸鰭小又大約兩倍的頭部,2.7-3.0 在沒有眼睛的一邊上定時頭部。 腹鰭大約大小相等與在兩邊上形狀。 尾鰭加倍截形.(參考文獻 27363)
Inhabits coastal areas, in bays and estuaries (Ref. 36453). Found over sandy or muddy substrate. Apparently, reproduction occurs during summer in small groups of 3-15 individuals. Adults are solitary. This species is very much appreciated for its taste and high commercial value.
在海灣與河口中, 棲息於沿岸區域。 (參考文獻 36453) 發現在沙或泥濘的底部上了。 顯然地，繁殖 3-15個個體發生於夏天形成小群魚群。 成魚是獨居性的。 這種非常為它的品嚐與高的商業價值被欣賞。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).西南大西洋: 巴西。 不會出現在阿根廷也不在烏拉圭.(參考文獻 43588)
Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer, 1979. INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.7 - 26.1, mean 16.1 °C (based on 150 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00384 - 0.01085), b=3.16 (3.02 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.7 [22.7, 102.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.825 [0.392, 1.524] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.185 [0.096, 0.345] g/100g; Selenium = 26.2 [11.8, 60.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.23 [2.47, 38.07] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.461 [0.297, 0.719] mg/100g (wet weight);
