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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Alexandre Alexandrovich Sapozhnikov (1827–1887) ran Sapozhnikov Brothers, the oldest fishery company (1796) in Astrakhan The family was renowned for its benevolence including funding, opening and running an orphanage at the time of a cholera [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
; acqua dolce; salmastro pelagico; potamodromo (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 3°C - 25°C (Ref. 56460); 49°N - 35°N, 44°E - 56°E (Ref. 188)
Europe and Central Asia: Caspian Sea.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.1 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 111344); common length : 21.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 188); peso massimo pubblicato: 469.00 g (Ref. 56460); Età massima riportata: 9 anni (Ref. 56460)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Spine anali: 0. Body `shad-like'; upper and lower head profiles straight. Gill rakers moderately thick and short, tips pointed, usually shorter than gill filaments. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Resembles A. sphaerocephala, which has a blunter head, with round upper and lower head profiles; A. caspia has more gill rakers (50 to 180) and A. brashnikovi is more slender and `herring-like'.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Euryhaline and migratory but non-anadromous. One of the most cold-loving Alosa of the Caspian (among the first to migrate in spring to the north). Feeds on large crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns in northern Caspian from end of April (peak in mid-May), moving into shallow water and spawning at depths of 1-6 m and salinities of 0.07-11 ppt. The young later move southward; some perhaps remain in the north.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00470 - 0.01118), b=3.14 (3.01 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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