分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Diplodus: Greek, diploos = twice + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 2683), usually 0 - 60 m (Ref. 3688). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 28°S, 26°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay (rare) to Sierra Leone, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde, including the Mediterranean and Strait of Gibraltar and Black Sea (Ref. 4781). Also off South Africa.
東大西洋: 比斯開灣 (稀有的) 到賽拉里昂, 加納利群島, 與維德角包括地中海與直布羅陀海峽與黑海.(參考文獻 4781) 也南非外海。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3688); 最大體重: 1.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
Benthopelagic marine species. Gregarious species living in coastal waters on rocky or sandy bottoms, up to 1 50 m (only occasionally over 50 m). Younger individuals can also be found in brackish waters and may live in littoral pools (sometimes in brackish waters and lagoons), the adults often occur in the surf zone. Feeds on seaweeds, worms, mollusks and shrimps (Ref. 4781). Very common in the Mediterranean. In the Atlantic occurs from Gibraltar to the coasts off Sierra Leone, including the coasts of the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. Less often found off the Iberian Atlantic coasts and Bay of Biscay. Scarce in the Black Sea. Permanent hermaphrodite species with some protandric episodes (behaving as male after its first sexual maturity to become female later on). Reproduction happens by the end of the summer and autumn. Egg size 0.85 mm, larval length at hatching 1.7 mm.
棲息於岩石底部。 群居的。 幼魚生活於海濱的水池 (有時在半鹹淡水域與潟湖中), 成魚時常出現在海浪區。 吃海草，蠕蟲，軟體動物與蝦。 (參考文獻 4781)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
東大西洋: 比斯開灣 (稀有的) 到賽拉里昂, 加納利群島, 與維德角包括地中海與直布羅陀海峽與黑海.(參考文獻 4781) 也南非外海。
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 21.6, mean 19.1 °C (based on 294 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00979 - 0.01476), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.7 [32.5, 101.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.89 [0.51, 1.53] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.383 [0.203, 0.729] g/100g; Selenium = 33.3 [17.0, 57.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.3 [3.7, 29.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.88 [0.62, 1.22] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
