分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Macruronidae (Blue grenadiers)
Etymology: Macruronus: Greek, makros = great + Greek, onos = hake.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 26566), usually 200 - 700 m (Ref. 9563). 亞熱帶的; 15°S - 55°S, 111°E - 173°W (Ref. 58452)
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.
西南太平洋: 紐西蘭與澳洲南部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 67.5, range 65 - 70 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 1.5 kg; 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 6390)
背棘 (总数) : 12 - 13; 背的软条 (总数) : 96 - 106; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 89 - 93; 脊椎骨: 78 - 81. Dorsal surface silvery, with a purple or blue-green tinge; plank and belly silvery; fins darker. Body very elongate and compressed with a tapering tail, dorsal and anal fins confluent with the caudal fin (Ref. 33856).
背面银色的, 具有一个紫色或蓝绿色淡色; 厚木板与腹面银色的; 鳍比较深色的。 身体非常长而扁长形的具有一个尖端细的尾部, 背鳍与臀鳍与尾鳍汇合.(参考文献 33856)
Appear to live usually on or near the bottom, but may occasionally move up into mid-waters. Large adult fish generally occur deeper than 400 m, while juveniles may be found in shallower water (Ref. 9072), more commonly found in large estuaries and bays, and may even enter freshwaters (Ref. 1371). Juvenile specimens and especially adults belonging to the American subspecies, have been caught from the coastal zone to 110 m (Ref. 58452). Form schools. Feed primarily on lantern fishes. In New Zealand, it feeds in midwater on small fish, crustaceans and squid. Oviparous, spawn 1 million eggs on the average which are released all at one time (Ref. 6390). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, cooked in microwave and baked (Ref. 9988).
似乎通常生活在底部上面或附近, 偶然地但是可能移动向上进入中层水域。 大的成鱼通常出现在较深处胜于 400 公尺, 而稚鱼可能被发现于较浅的水域 (参考文献 9072),多普遍发现于大的河口与海湾, 而且可能甚至进入淡水.(参考文献 1371) 形成鱼群。 主要捕食灯笼鱼。 在新西兰, 它在中层水域的吃捕食小鱼, 甲壳动物与乌贼。 生鲜使用与冷冻; 能在微波与烧烤被蒸,油炸, 煮。 (参考文献 9988) 新西兰这种的商业 Hoki 渔场已经被检定藉由海洋的总管职务会议 (http:// www.msc.org/) 当管理良好且族群能维持。
Female blue grenadier produce about 1 million eggs on average, which are all released at once (Ref. 6390).西南太平洋: 紐西蘭與澳洲南部。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.8 - 12.5, mean 8 °C (based on 300 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00219 - 0.00690), b=2.98 (2.82 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (5.2 - 8.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 18
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12-0.2; tm=3-7; tmax=25; Fec = 1,000,000).
Prior r = 0.29, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.44, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.4 [12.3, 56.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.629 [0.299, 1.299] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.5, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.224 [0.105, 0.456] g/100g; Selenium = 62.1 [26.1, 122.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.2 [5.4, 54.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.541 [0.348, 0.866] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
