Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; غير مهاجرة; نطاق العمق 80 - 523 m (Ref. 58018). Subtropical; 28°N - 1°N, 113°W - 78°W (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Pacific: off the west coast of the Americas from Del Mar, California to Ensenada de Tumaco, Colombia. Vrooman and Paloma's (1970) dwarf hake off the coast of Baja California has recently been described as a different species, Merluccius hernandezi Mathews, 1985.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 22.0, range 18 - 27 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 1371); common length : 32.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 1371)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 1; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 45 - 52. Head rather long, about 30% of SL. Gill rakers long and slender, with pointed tips. Pectoral fins long, the tips reaching to or beyond the origin of the anal fin. Overall color silvery, lighter ventrally.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Occurs from shallow continental shelf to the upper continental slope, and in the mid-waters of the open sea and on sea-mounts (Uncle Sam Bank). Exploited only on a local level due to its abundance and its relatively small median size (Ref. 9119). Minimum length of first sexual maturity for both sexes is 18-19 cm, and spawning occurs from April to June, or later (Ref. 58452).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 11.1 - 13.7, mean 12.6 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00237 - 0.00803), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 4.0 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.34-0.35; tm=3; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.7 [17.6, 138.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.85 [0.29, 2.18] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.171 [0.102, 0.286] g/100g; Selenium = 45.8 [20.1, 103.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.9 [5.9, 66.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.458 [0.292, 0.702] mg/100g (wet weight);
