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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Gymnocranius: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kranion = skull (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Audley Raymond Jones was a friend of the author and an amateur ichthyologist. Ogilby wrote: “…Named after my friend Audley Raymond Jones, to whom I am indebted for much interesting information regarding the habits of our fishes.” (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Ogilby.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गैर प्रवासी; गहराई सीमा 8 - 40 m (Ref. 2295). Subtropical; 15°S - 25°S
Western Pacific: Australia (east coast of southern Queensland and the southern half of the Great Barrier Reef). The name bitorquatus has been applied to this species, particularly by Australian authors.
आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 2295); common length : 35.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 2295)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 10; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 10; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 9 - 10. Inner surface of pectoral fin without scales. Overall color is silver or whitish, often light brown or olive on upper sides. Each scale on sides has a brown spot forming longitudinal rows. Fins are uniformly clear to slightly yellowish. Fresh specimen have scattered brown flecks on sides. A blackish bar that runs through the eye may also be evident.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Generally solitary over sand or rubble areas adjacent to reefs . Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates. Sometimes has a distasteful iodine flavor; however, untainted fish are good to eat.
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 24.5 - 27, mean 26.1 °C (based on 58 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02089 (0.01057 - 0.04130), b=2.99 (2.82 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 3.4 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.56; tmax=13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.7 [13.7, 71.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.587 [0.296, 1.075] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [18.3, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.191 [0.099, 0.318] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [7.9, 32.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 32.9 [9.2, 106.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.795 [0.525, 1.209] mg/100g (wet weight);
