Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ບໍ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 110 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 60°N - 35°N, 11°W - 8°E
Northeast Atlantic: southern North Sea, Irish Sea, and southwestern Ireland to Portugal. Mediterranean Sea: Málaga, Spain.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.5 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 106276)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 4; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 10; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 8 - 10. Preopercular spine present. Antrorse (forward-pointing) spine at base very small, rudimentary or absent. Second dorsal in males with dark blotches in vertical or oblique rows, in females colorless (Ref. 232). Gill cover with 3 spines. Snout slightly longer than the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
Occurs in inshore waters, even intertidally, on sandy shores (Ref. 6444).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Eggs and larvae pelagic (Ref. 5968).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ບໍ່ມີຄວາມສົນໃຈ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.7 - 12.5, mean 10.5 °C (based on 484 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00555 - 0.01037), b=2.73 (2.68 - 2.78), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).