Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Eponymy: Gilbert Percy Whitley (1903–1975) was a British-born Australian ichthyologist and malacologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
морской демерсальный; пределы глубины 1 - 170 m (Ref. 6871). Temperate; 32°S - 44°S, 115°E - 153°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to southern Australia.
Size / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 114953)
Краткое описание
определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
Dorsal surface greyish or greyish brown with irregularly spaced white flecks, ventral surface cream or white, occasionally with greyish areas. Disc quadrangular, broader than long. Snout of moderate length, broadly rounded and knob-like at snout tip. Tail short, very depressed, broad; lateral skin folds prominent. A row of 1-5 thorns on nuchal and shoulder region, orbital and malar thorns absent. Alar thorns retractable. Tail with 1-3 rows of thorns, outer rows located near lateral margin.
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Most abundant in shallow water near shore (Ref. 6871). Found over soft bottom (Ref. 7300, 75154). Recorded to be found at 345 m depth (Ref. 114953). Diet mainly consists of crabs, octopuses and small bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Males reaches maturity at ca. 127 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Egg cases ca. 22 cm long, hatch size at ca. 20 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Thorny tail can inflict a minor injury (Ref. 6871).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Угроза для людей
Traumatogenic (Ref. 6871)
Использование человеком
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ссылка
123201): 14 - 18.2, mean 16.3 °C (based on 139 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (ссылка
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.63 [1.27, 32.23] mg/100g; Iron = 0.262 [0.068, 0.736] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [14.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.728 [0.235, 2.708] g/100g; Selenium = 13.4 [3.9, 43.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.1 [3.3, 32.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.162, 0.594] mg/100g (wet weight);
