分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mugiliformes (Mullets)
鱸形目 (Mullets) >
Mugilidae (Mullets)
鯔科 (Mullets)
Etymology: Chelon: Greek, chelone = turtle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 46888); 深度上下限 2 - 15 m (Ref. 130217). 亞熱帶的; 65°N - 12°N, 24°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Scandinavia and Iceland (Ref. 4537) south to Senegal and Cape Verde. Also Mediterranean Sea; southwestern Black Sea (Ref. 2058).
東大西洋: 斯堪的那維亞半島與冰島 (參考文獻 4537) 南至塞內加爾與維德角。 也地中海; 西南方的黑海.(參考文獻 2058)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 29.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35388); common length : 32.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7399); 最大體重: 4.5 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年齡: 25 年 (Ref. 35388)
背棘 (總數) : 5; 背的軟條 (總數) : 7 - 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Adults are found inshore in schools, frequently entering brackish lagoons and freshwater (Ref. 30578). They migrate occasionally tending to move northward in summer-time as temperatures rise. Females are larger than males (Ref. 59043). Adults feed mainly on benthic diatoms, epiphytic algae, small invertebrates and detritus (Ref. 2804), juveniles only feed on zooplankton (Ref. 59043). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Reproduction occurs in the sea during winter (Ref. 30578). Eggs and larvae pelagic. Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 4645).
生活在沿岸地區, 進入半鹹淡的潟湖與淡水.(參考文獻 30578) 偶然地迴游。 在夏天傾向移動北方當那溫度上升。 主要捕食底棲的矽藻，附生植物的藻類，小型無脊椎動物與碎屑。 (參考文獻 2804) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 在冬天期間繁殖發生於海洋。 (參考文獻 30578) 卵與仔魚大洋性。 作為食用魚.(參考文獻 4645)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Juveniles around 2.0 cm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in April-June and return to sea in summer (Ref. 59043).東大西洋: 斯堪的那維亞半島與冰島 (參考文獻 4537) 南至塞內加爾與維德角。 也地中海; 西南方的黑海.(參考文獻 2058)
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
近危 (NT) (A2cd+4cd); Date assessed: 07 June 2022
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 8.8 - 20.1, mean 11 °C (based on 420 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00561 - 0.00935), b=3.11 (3.03 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.6 ±0.32 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12-0.3; tm=3; tmax=25).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 39.2 [10.7, 335.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.623 [0.303, 1.151] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.399 [0.166, 0.964] g/100g; Selenium = 9.58 [3.60, 24.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.52 [2.12, 24.93] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.571 [0.342, 0.951] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
