分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Alcide Charles Victor Dessalines d’Orbigny (1802–1857) was a traveller, collector, illustrator and naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 1 - 45 m (Ref. 43588), usually 1 - 20 m (Ref. 43588). 亞熱帶的; 23°S - 41°S
Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to at least Mar de la Plata, Argentina.
西南大西洋: 巴西里約熱內盧到至少 Mar de la Plata ，阿根廷。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 39 - ? cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 127691); common length : 32.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 43588); 最大年龄: 11 年 (Ref. 127691)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 71 - 77; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 52 - 59; 脊椎骨: 35 - 36. Body shape oval, with the greatest breadth 2.5 times in length. Eyes are on the left side, close together, and equally in advance. Teeth are in a single series, sharply pointed. Dorsal fin origin aligned with eyes. Lateral line arched over the pectoral fin. Eye side of the body slightly rough, with finely ciliated scales (Ref. 3157).
体型椭圆形, 与最大的宽度 2.5 倍长。 眼在左边上, 靠拢在一起, 与同样地预先。 齿是成单一列, 非常尖的。 背鳍起点合并在眼了。 侧线弓形的在胸鳍之上。 身体的眼侧边些微粗糙, 与细有纤毛的鳞片.(参考文献 3157)
Populations are found in shallow coastal marine waters (Ref. 127691). They enter coastal lagoons (Ref. 36453). Nursery grounds are found in estuaries, coastal lagoons and brackish surf waters (Ref. 127691). Adults feed on pelagic and benthic species of crustaceans (penaeids and brachyurans), and lesser important fishes (Ref. 43588). Juveniles mainly feed on plolychaetes (Ref. 127691).
进入岸边泻湖。 (参考文献 36453) 吃甲壳动物 (penaeids 与十足目) 的大洋性与底栖种, 与较少的重要，鱼.(参考文献 43588)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).西南大西洋: 巴西里約熱內盧到至少 Mar de la Plata ，阿根廷。
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 22.8, mean 16.1 °C (based on 118 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00432 - 0.01057), b=3.11 (2.98 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K = 0.12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64.7 [29.4, 115.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.905 [0.455, 1.626] mg/100g; Protein = 16.3 [13.9, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.173 [0.086, 0.325] g/100g; Selenium = 24.3 [11.4, 54.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.3, 46.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.681 [0.446, 1.021] mg/100g (wet weight);
