分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Tincidae (Tenches)
Etymology: Tinca: Latin, timica; realted to a predatory fish = timi, but the etymology of tench does not conform with this meaning (Ref. 45335); tinca: tinca which is the latin name for tench (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 26368). 溫帶; 4°C - 24°C (Ref. 13614); 64°N - 36°N, 10°W - 104°E
Eurasia: hypothesized as native in most Europe, naturally absent only in Ireland, Scandinavia north of 61°30'N, eastern Adriatic basin and western and southern Greece where it is now introduced. In Asia, native eastward to western Yenisei drainage south of 60° N. Introduced elsewhere.
歐亞大陸: 所有歐洲, 包括不列顛群島。 北極海流域, 鄂比河與葉尼塞河流域, 而且極少在貝加爾湖.(參考文獻 1998)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 44894); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大体重: 7.5 kg (Ref. 556)
背棘 (总数) : 4; 背的软条 (总数) : 8 - 9; 臀棘: 3 - 4; 臀鳍软条: 6 - 8; 脊椎骨: 39 - 41. Body thickset, heavy, and laterally compressed, the caudal peduncle characteristically deep and short. Skin thickened, slimy; the scales small, embedded. Overall coloration olive-green, at times dark green or almost black, with golden reflections on ventral surface. Head triangular, eye orange-red, small; snout relatively long; interorbital broad; mouth terminal, small in size with thick lips and a pair of well-developed barbels, one at each corner of the mouth. Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Diagnosed from other cyprinid species in Europe by the following characters: body golden greenish brown; one pair of barbel (maxillary); lateral line with 96-115 scales, small and deeply embedded; dorsal fin with 8-9½ branched rays; and anal fin with 6-9½ branched rays (Ref. 59043).
身体矮胖的，重的，与侧扁的, 尾梗表示特性深的而且短。 皮肤粗的, 黏滑的; 鳞片小的, 深入的。 整体的颜色橄榄绿色的, 偶而深绿色或几乎黑色的, 在腹面上有金色的反光。 头部三角形的, 眼橘红色的, 小的; 吻相当长的; 眼间骨宽的; 口端位, 体型很小有厚的嘴唇而一对发展良好的触须, 一在嘴巴的每个角落。 尾鳍有 19个鳍条。 (参考文献 2196)
Typically found in shallow, densely vegetated lakes and backwaters. Often overwinters buried in mud. Larvae and juveniles confined to dense vegetation (Ref. 59043). Adults inhabit warm lakes and pools with weed and mud bottom. Tolerates low oxygen saturations (Ref. 30578, 44894). Feeds on detritus, benthic animals and plant materials. Adult often prey mainly on molluscs. Spawns among dense vegetation in still water (Ref. 59043). Used as a fodder fish for bass (Ref. 7248). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, and baked (Ref. 9988). Popular with amateur sport fishers. Its flesh is highly esteemed (Ref. 30578). Locally under threat due to river engineering (Ref. 59043). Reported to reach a maximum length of 84 cm TL (Ref. 5723).
用杂草与泥底栖息于温暖的湖与水池。 宽容的溶氧量低浸透.(参考文献 30578,44894) 出现于静止或流动很慢水域, 常见于茂密的植物之中.(参考文献 44894) 冬天时，它停留在泥中不进食.(参考文献 30578) 杂食性。 吃底栖无脊椎动物与水生的昆虫幼生。 幼鱼也吃藻类。 (参考文献 1998,44894) 繁殖于在被产很多的黏黏绿色的卵的茂密的植物之中的浅水区。 在孵化之后，仔鱼保持依附于植物长达好几天。 为 bass 当作饲料鱼了。 (参考文献 7248) 生鲜使用与冷凍; 吃油鍋炸的, 烤的與烘乾的.(參考文獻 9988) 受到業餘釣客的歡迎。 它的肉是深受喜愛的。 (參考文獻 30578) 84 公分TL 的最大長度在頁 & 粗刻邊被報告。 (參考文獻 5723)
Males reproduce at 2-3 years and females at 3-7 years. Spawning happens, depending on latitude, between May and September, at temperatures of 19 20°C. Lays numerous sticky green eggs on plants or on the botton every 1 5 days for 2 months. Incubation at 20°C lasts 3 days. Larvae remain attached to the plants for several days until the vitellus is used up. Egg size 0.8-1.0 mm, larval length at hatching 4-5 mm.
歐亞大陸: 所有歐洲, 包括不列顛群島。 北極海流域, 鄂比河與葉尼塞河流域, 而且極少在貝加爾湖.(參考文獻 1998)
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00798 - 0.01577), b=3.02 (2.93 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=120,000-800,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.1 [30.7, 116.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.745 [0.348, 1.410] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.8, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.696 [0.352, 1.429] g/100g; Selenium = 10.2 [5.2, 20.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.9 [5.5, 52.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.948 [0.429, 1.762] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
