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Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Fundulidae (Topminnows and killifishes)
Etymology: Fundulus: Latin, fundus = bottom; a peculiar name for a topminnow, coined for a bottom species of Atlantic coast being "the abode of the fundulus mudfish" (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; غير مهاجر. Temperate; 10°C - 24°C (Ref. 12468); 52°N - 28°N, 82°W - 55°W
Western Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence to northeast Florida, USA. Two subspecies were previously recognized: Fundulus heteroclitus heteroclitus and Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Ref. 86798). Introduced to southern Portugal and southern Spain (Ref. 59043).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 27139); common length : 8.9 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 12193); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 4 سال ها (Ref. 59043)
Distinguished from nearly identical species Fundulus grandis by having the following characters: more convex upper profile; dark bars alternating with silvery interspaces on side; small ocellus at rear of dorsal fin of male; and each mandible with 4 pores (Ref. 86798).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in saltwater marshes, tidal creeks and nearby fresh water (Ref. 86798). A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Adults are mainly found in saltwater marshes and in tidal creeks. They may leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). They also enter fresh water to a limited extent (Ref. 7251). Not a seasonal killifish. They breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Difficult to maintain in aquariums (Ref. 27139). Introduction has caused the decline of native species and near extinction of Aphanius baeticus in southwestern Spain (Ref. 59043).
Deposits eggs in the shells of Modiolus demissus (Ref. 26281).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 6.1 - 23.7, mean 9.3 °C (based on 163 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00721 - 0.01209), b=3.17 (3.10 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 3.6 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (tm<1; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 82.9 [39.2, 188.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.442 [0.225, 0.881] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.594 [0.249, 1.464] g/100g; Selenium = 4.78 [1.73, 11.60] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.9, 115.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.09 [0.70, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
