Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
marino benthopelagico; non migratori; distribuzione batimetrica 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 300 - 500 m (Ref. 54573). Temperate; 0°C - 4°C (Ref. 1371); 82°N - 37°N, 95°W - 61°E (Ref. 54573)
North Atlantic: Norfolk Canyon and George Bank north to Labrador, Davis Strait, eastern and western Greenland, Iceland, and from the Irish Atlantic slope north to Faeroe Islands, Norwegian coast, to Spitzbergen, and to the Barents Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm 54.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 35388); Età massima riportata: 25 anni (Ref. 1371)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Spine anali: 0. Snout short, rather strongly pointed; mouth small, inferior. Underside of head almost entirely naked. Pyloric caeca about 19 or 20. Overall color is gray, darker ventrally on trunk; anal fin dark-edged, first dorsal and pectoral fins dusky (Ref. 1371). Front end of dorsal fin spine is serrated (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Epibenthic, in deep waters down to 2740 (Ref. 58426). Adults are commonly found in about 300-500 m depth. Temperature preferences appear to range from about 1-4°C, although bottom temperatures below 0°C have been recorded at capture depths. Amphipods predominate in the diet, although polychaetes and various natant crustaceans are also important. Also feed on bivalves, isopods, echinoderms (notably ophiuroids), and ctenophores (Ref. 1371). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 0.8 - 7, mean 3.2 °C (based on 434 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00248 - 0.00639), b=3.19 (3.05 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 3.8 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 28.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (tm=15; tmax=25; Fec=25,000).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.47, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.2 [5.7, 24.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.198 [0.103, 0.362] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [14.5, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.328 [0.147, 0.688] g/100g; Selenium = 32.3 [13.1, 73.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [3.6, 76.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.546 [0.348, 0.859] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
