分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Pomatomidae (Bluefishes)
鯥科 (Bluefishes)
Etymology: Pomatomus: Greek, poma, -atos = cover, operculum + Greek, tomos = portion (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54708). 亞熱帶的; 53°N - 44°S, 98°W - 180°E
Circumglobal: In tropical to subtropical waters; except the eastern Pacific (Ref. 33390). Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to South Africa, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. Western Atlantic: Canada and Bermuda to Argentina (Ref. 7251). Indian Ocean: along the coast of East Africa, Madagascar, southern Oman, southwest India, the Malay Peninsula, and Western Australia (Ref. 11441). Southwest Pacific: Australia except the Northern Territory, and New Zealand (Ref. 11441). Absent from eastern Pacific and northwest Pacific. Barely entering the Western Central Pacific region. Records from the Northern Territory, Australia and from Indonesia appear to be erroneous (Ref. 9860). Occurrence in Taiwan (Ref. 5193) and Hawaii (Ref. 4517) need verification.
Circumglobal: 在熱帶到亞熱帶水域中; 除東太平洋。 (參考文獻 33390) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到南非，包括地中海與黑海，馬得拉群島, 與加納利群島。 西大西洋: 加拿大與百慕達群島到阿根廷.(參考文獻 7251) 印度洋: 沿著東非，馬達加斯加，阿曼南方，印度西南部的海岸，馬來半島與西澳大利亞。 (參考文獻 11441) 西南太平洋: 澳洲除北部地區 , 與紐西蘭。 (參考文獻 11441) 東太平洋與西北太平洋沒有出現。 幾乎進入中西太平洋區域。 記錄從澳洲北部地區而且從印尼狀似錯誤的.(參考文獻 9860) 在台灣 (參考文獻 5193) 與夏威夷 (參考文獻 4517) 的發生需要確認。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 30.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11441); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3482); 最大體重: 14.4 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 14 年 (Ref. 128525)
背棘 (總數) : 8 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 23 - 28; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鰭軟條: 23 - 27. Jaw teeth prominent, sharp, compressed, in a single series. Two dorsal fins, the first short and low, with 7 or 8 feeble spines connected by a membrane. Back greenish, sides and belly silvery (Ref. 9860).
頜齒突出的﹐銳利的﹐和扁長形的, 成單一列。 二個背鰭, 第一個短與低的,7 或者 8個弱棘連接經由一個膜。 背面呈綠色的, 側邊與腹面銀色的.(參考文獻 9860) 臀鰭長的, 有兩個棘與 23-27個軟鰭條.(參考文獻 26938)
Occur in oceanic and coastal waters (Ref. 26340). They are most common along surf beaches and rock headlands in clean, high energy waters, although adults can also be found in estuaries and into brackish water (Ref. 6492). Small fish may be found in shallow coastal waters at least 2 m depth (Ref. 9563), in schools pursuing and attacking small fishes (Ref. 9626). Adults are in loose groups, often attacking shoals of mullets or other fishes and destroying numbers apparently far in excess of feeding requirements (Ref. 9860). Feed on other fish (Ref. 5377), crustaceans and cephalopods (Ref. 47377). Associated with sharks and billfishes (Ref. 26340). Voracious and aggressive (Ref. 9626), reported to bite when handled. Migrate to warmer water during winter and to cooler water in summer (Ref. 9987). Popular game fish (Ref. 6638). Good food fish; marketed mostly fresh (Ref. 9860), but also dried or salted (Ref. 5284), and frozen (Ref. 9987).
出現於大洋性的與沿岸水域.(參考文獻 26340) 他們是最常見的在清澈又生產力高的水域中沿著海灘浪花區與岩石海角, 雖然成魚也能被發現於河口與進入半淡鹹水之內.(參考文獻 6492) 小魚可能被發現於沿岸淺水區至少 2 公尺深 (參考文獻 9563), 成群追逐和攻擊小魚.(參考文獻 9626) 成魚在鬆散的魚群中, 時常攻擊烏魚或者其他的魚的魚群而且破壞超過顯然遠的攝取食物的需求的數字.(參考文獻 9860) 吃其他的魚 (參考文獻 5377) ，甲殼動物與頭足類動物。 (參考文獻 47377) 伴隨著鯊魚與青旗魚了。 (參考文獻 26340) 一個狼吞虎嚥與侵略性種 (參考文獻 9626), 報告咬被觸摸時。 在夏天在冬天期間對較熱的水與對較冷的水域迴游。 (參考文獻 9987) 受歡迎的遊釣魚類.(參考文獻 6638) 好食用魚; 生鮮地 (參考文獻 9860) 大部份在市場上銷售, 也乾燥或鹽醃 (參考文獻 5284), 與冷凍.(參考文獻 9987)
Fecundity varies from 400,000 to 2,000,000 eggs depending on the size of the individual (ranging from 370,000 in a 31 cm fish to 1,240,000 in a 54 cm fish) (Ref. 27695).
Tailor are serial spawners (Ref. 6390).Circumglobal: 在熱帶到亞熱帶水域中; 除東太平洋。 (參考文獻 33390) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到南非，包括地中海與黑海，馬得拉群島, 與加納利群島。 西大西洋: 加拿大與百慕達群島到阿根廷.(參考文獻 7251) 印度洋: 沿著東非，馬達加斯加，阿曼南方，印度西南部的海岸，馬來半島與西澳大利亞。 (參考文獻 11441) 西南太平洋: 澳洲除北部地區 , 與紐西蘭。 (參考文獻 11441) 東太平洋與西北太平洋沒有出現。 幾乎進入中西太平洋區域。 記錄從澳洲北部地區而且從印尼狀似錯誤的.(參考文獻 9860) 在台灣 (參考文獻 5193) 與夏威夷 (參考文獻 4517) 的發生需要確認。
Dooley, J.K., 1990. Pomatomidae. p. 721-722. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 9986)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.4 - 27.5, mean 21.1 °C (based on 1273 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00841 - 0.01366), b=2.97 (2.90 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (4.1 - 8.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.10-0.2; tm=2; tmax=9; Fec=1 million).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.71, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.4 [23.1, 58.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.68 [0.54, 4.47] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [19, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.268, 0.647] g/100g; Selenium = 28.5 [15.9, 46.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.4 [4.6, 33.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.539 [0.407, 0.733] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
