Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 8 - 100 m (Ref. 89896), usually ? - 40 m (Ref. 9626). Tropical; 34°N - 8°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southern Florida (USA), and Bahamas to northern South America.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 7251); common length : 22.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. Publicado: 320.00 g (Ref. 9626)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 10; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 12 - 13. Moderately elongate, compressed fish with equally curved upper and lower profiles (Ref. 26938). Color primarily violet or purple; large individuals with a wash of yellow on lower two-thirds of body; prolonged portions of dorsal and anal fins and tips of pelvic fins blackish (Ref. 13442). Caudal fin emarginate in young, lunate in adults (Ref 52831).
Inhabits seaward reef slopes; occasionally on shallow patch reefs (Ref. 9710). Found in large midwater aggregations feeding on plankton (Ref. 9710), small jellyfishes, pteropods, pelagic tunicates and various invertebrate larvae (Ref. 13442). Form leks during breeding (Ref. 55367). Also caught with beach nets (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Forms lek during breeding (Ref. 55367). A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 15.78 cm TL (Ref. 55367).
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial; Aquário: Espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 170 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00456 - 0.02002), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 52.4 [30.9, 87.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.678 [0.394, 1.255] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [15.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.151 [0.095, 0.237] g/100g; Selenium = 33.1 [19.0, 60.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 167 [55, 573] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.32 [0.92, 2.03] mg/100g (wet weight);