Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 55 m (Ref. 26912). Subtropical; 46°N - 45°S, 98°W - 16°W
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada through most of the West Indies; along coasts of Gulf of Mexico and South America (Ref. 26938) to Mar del Plata, Argentina. Absent from the Bahamas (Ref. 26938). Replaced by Selene dorsalis in the eastern Atlantic. These two species have not been adequately studied and may prove to be conspecific. Known to occur in Mauritania (Ref. 5377).
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 20.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 26340); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 4.6 kg (Ref. 26340)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 21; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 17. Pelvic fin small (Ref. 13608). A very deep-bodied, short and strongly compressed fish. Facial profile nearly vertical and concave. Pelvic fin very short (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults usually found near the bottom from inshore waters to at least 54 m depth, but may form schools near the surface (Ref. 5217). Juveniles are found on muddy bottoms brackish estuaries and in coastal marine waters (Ref. 5217). Adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans. Good food fish and marketed fresh.
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 12 - 27.9, mean 24.4 °C (based on 656 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.01125 - 0.01409), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.7 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.49; assumed tm>1).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 72.3 [42.4, 149.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.18 [0.66, 2.21] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.6, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.381 [0.226, 0.665] g/100g; Selenium = 30 [16, 56] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.4 [3.0, 26.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.828 [0.587, 1.182] mg/100g (wet weight);