分類 / Names
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Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) >
Lumpenidae (Eel pricklebacks)
Etymology: Leptoclinus: Greek, leptos = thin + Greek, klinein, kline = sloping and bed, due to the four apophyses of sphenoid bone (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海 底生の; 深さの範囲 2 - 607 m (Ref. 58426). Polar; -2°C - 2°C (Ref. 120227); 79°N - 43°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 86838)
Circumpolar: Arctic to temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Arctic Alaska to Sea of Okhotsk, northern Sea of Japan, Unalaska Island in the Aleutian chain and Puget Sound, Washington, USA. North Atlantic: Arctic to Labrador in Canada; along Scandinavia from Skagerrak to Finnmarken, common at Murmansk, White Sea, Iceland and Greenland (Ref. 10006). The Pacific form is sometimes treated as a subspecies Leptoclinus maculatus diaphanocarus (Ref. 51666).
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 12.5, range 13 - 13 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 35388)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 57 - 60; 背鰭 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 1 - 2; 臀鰭: 34 - 36. Caudal rounded; lower 5 rays of pectorals greatly lengthened and exserted (Ref. 6885). Color greyish - yellow with dark irregular spots (Ref. 35388).
Adults, juveniles, and late postlarvae are found on sandy and mud to pebble bottoms, usually in less than 170 meters (Ref. 2850, 51666, 120227), while early postlarvae are pelagic (Ref. 120227). Food consists of polychaetes and crustaceans (Ref. 10571). They are an important prey for pelagic (as larvae) and benthic (as adults) predators (Ref. 120226). Sexual dimorphism is more pronounced after maturation with males displaying faster somatic growth (Ref. 120226). This marked dimorphism may well be linked with behavioral dissimilarities between males and
females, and is most likely associated with different roles during the breeding season with only adult males have large canines at the tip of upper jaw. It is assumed that males are territorial and defend their spawning sites, whereasfemales guard eggs within her partner’s territory (Ref. 128434).
Males exhibit territorial defence (Ref. 120226).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Human uses
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.2 - 7, mean 2.3 °C (based on 1058 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00148 - 0.00852), b=2.95 (2.74 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 11.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tm=7; tmax=12; K=0.099; Fec=931).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.3 [4.8, 93.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.512 [0.172, 1.359] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [14.9, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.288 [0.112, 0.751] g/100g; Selenium = 9.62 [3.01, 35.80] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.4 [6.5, 194.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.57 [0.29, 1.21] mg/100g (wet weight);
